Examinando por Autor "Bustamante, Carlos"

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    Fishery biology of the Crevalle jack Caranx hippos (L) from the Colombian Caribbean
    (Elsevier, 2025) Pacheco, Carlos; Cusba, Jose; Bustamante, Carlos
    The crevalle jack Caranx hippos is a significant fishery resource in the Caribbean Sea; however, biological information necessary for its effective management is currently lacking. To address this gap, this study conducted an integrated multiannual analysis of fishery-dependent data on the size structure, maturity, and spatiotemporal dynamics of landings in six Colombian Caribbean regions. This study found that encircling gillnets, drift gillnets, and seine nets yielded a higher catch in terms of mass, whereas handlines, encircling gillnets, and fixed gillnets captured small and immature specimens. These practices, which affect both adult and immature populations, appear to pose a significant threat to stock health, highlighting the need for preventive approaches to fishery management in Colombian waters. Additionally, the results revealed sexual dimorphism, with females being smaller than males, and the size at maturity of females was estimated at 54.2 cm LT (81 % immature and 19 % mature). Furthermore, this study recorded annual fluctuations in the number of landed specimens at all sites, with La Guajira in the northeastern area of the Colombian Caribbean and Atlántico in the southwest area showing the highest values. The findings suggest a decrease in the size at maturity of C. hippos over a span of ten years, with an average reduction of 2.25 cm LT per year, in response to fishing pressure. In addition, spatiotemporal factors that affect fleet operations play a key role in these fluctuations. This study emphasises the need to adopt comprehensive approaches to improve our understanding of the reproductive dynamics of crevalle jack stocks to ensure the sustainability of artisanal fishing.
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    Integrating Egg Case Morphology and DNA Barcoding to Discriminate South American Catsharks, Schroederichthys bivius and S. chilensis (Carcharhiniformes: Atelomycteridae)
    (MDPI, 2025) Bustamante, Carlos; Vargas-Caro, Carolina; Indurain, Maria J; Silva, Gabriela
    Catsharks are benthic elasmobranchs that share spatial niches with littoral and demersal bony fishes. The genus Schroederichthys includes five species, two of which, S. chilensis and S. bivius, occur in the waters of Chile. These species are morphologically similar and are often misidentified because of their overlapping external features and color patterns. To improve species discrimination, we analyzed the egg case morphology of both species based on 36 egg cases (12 S. chilensis, 24 S. bivius) collected from gravid females captured as bycatch in artisanal fisheries between Iquique and Puerto Montt (July–December 2021). Nine morphometric variables were measured and standardized using the total egg case length. Although the egg cases were similar in general appearance, multivariate analyses revealed significant interspecific differences, with egg case height and anterior border width emerging as the most diagnostic variables. Linear discriminant analysis achieved a 100% classification accuracy within this dataset. To confirm species identity, 24 tissue samples (12 per species) were sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The haplotypes corresponded to previously published sequences from Chile (S. chilensis) and Argentina (S. bivius), with reciprocal monophyly and 100% bootstrap support. While COI barcoding provided robust confirmation, the core contribution of this study lies in the identification of species-specific egg case morphometrics. Together, these findings establish a dual-track toolkit, egg case morphology for primary discrimination and COI barcodes for confirmatory validation, that can be incorporated into bycatch monitoring and biodiversity assessments, supporting the conservation of poorly known catsharks in the Southeast Pacific.
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    New evidence confirms the presence of the diamond stingray Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert 1880) in Chile and extends its southern range
    (Wiley, 2025) Almendras, Diego; Villafaña, Jaime A; Bustamante, Carlos; Contreras, Ignacio; Campoy, Ana N; Dufflocq, Pablo; Rivadeneira, Marcelo M
    The diamond stingray (Hypanus dipterurus) is a species of cartilaginous fish that,according to the IUCN, is globally in a vulnerable state of conservation and its popula-tions show a decline. New records of this ray species in southern Peru and northernChile have expanded their known range. The species is distributed in the EasternCentral Pacific, from southern California to San Andres, on the central coast of Peru,but is poorly known in Chile. Angler records mined from social media and historicaldata confirmed the presence of H. dipterurus along southern Peru and northern Chile,extending southward over 1250 km. A species distribution model (SDM) based onprevious global occurrences combined with oceanographic layers was built to identifyareas of potential and undocumented presence of H. dipterurus. The SDM showedhigh accuracy (area under the curve = 0.95) and predicted the potential presence ofH. dipterurus along vast areas of the Peruvian and Chilean coasts, where the presenceof the species was poorly documented. Comprehensive surveys are required tounderstand the distribution, population dynamics, habitat requirements, and threatsto effective conservation efforts in the southern region of its distribution range.
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    New record of Frilled shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus Garman, 1884 (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes) in the South Pacific Ocean
    (PeerJ Inc., 2025) Indurain, Maria J; Mancilla, Angel; Brizuela, Leandro; Vargas-Caro, Carolina; Bustamante, Carlos
    Frilled sharks are rarely observed and limited information is available regarding their life history. The global number of records for these sharks does not exceed 40, with most sightings reported in the Western Pacific Ocean. In 1976, one specimen was recorded for the first time in the South East Pacific Ocean; however, this study provides new evidence for the presence of Chlamydoselachus anguineus in Chilean waters, extending its distribution range 850 km south of the previous record. The morphological features of all specimens from Chile are discussed, supplementing previous observations and adding to the existing knowledge on this species in the Pacific Ocean.
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    Shortfalls in the protection of Important Shark and Ray Areas undermine shark conservation efforts in the Central and South American Pacific
    (Elsevier, 2025) Mouton, Théophil L; González-Pestana, Adriana; Rohner, Christoph A; Charles, Ryan; García-Rodríguez, Emiliano; Kyne, Peter M; Batlle-Morera, Amanda; Di Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo; Armstrong, Asia O; Acuña, Enzo; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Arauz, Randall; Avalos-Castillo, Cristopher G; Augustinus, Ely; Bessudo, Sandra; Barraza, Enrique; Bustamante, Carlos; Chávez, Elpis J; Espinoza, Eduardo Ramon; Espinoza, Mario; Hacohen-Domené, Ana; Hearn, Alex R; Hernández, Grettel M; Galván-Magaña, Felipe; González Leiva, José A; Ketchum, James T; Ladino, Felipe; Lara-Lizardi, Frida; Morales-Saldaña, Jorge Manuel; Morales Serrano, Naití; Madrigal-Mesén, Jeffry; Mejía-Falla, Paola A; Navia, Andrés F; Ochoa, Gabriela M; Palacios, Marta D; Peñaherrera-Palma, César R; Polanco-Vásquez, Francisco; Rodríguez-Arriatti, Yehudi; Saldaña-Ruiz, Luz E; Sosa-Nishizaki, Oscar; Tovar-Ávila, Javier; Vega, Ángel J; Vélez-Zuazo, Ximena; Villate-Moreno, Melany; Zanella, Ilena; Jabado, Rima W
    Global biodiversity targets require nations to designate 30 % of their marine waters as protected areas by 2030. Sharks, rays, and chimaeras (hereafter ‘sharks’) are key components of aquatic ecosystems; however, over a third are globally threatened with extinction. Across the Central and South American Pacific Ocean region, we (i) assessed trends in Marine Protected Area (MPA) expansion and extent across the 12 nations of the region; (ii) quantified the spatial overlap between MPAs and Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRAs); and (iii) evaluated the effectiveness of the current MPA governance structure at protecting sharks and their critical habitat. There has been a recent rapid increase in the establishment of MPAs with 90 % of current MPAs designated since 2010. Yet, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Honduras still protect less than 10 % of their waters. We find that ISRAs overlap with all MPAs by only 15.6 % and with no-take MPAs by 7.3 %. This raises concerns about the low level of protection afforded to critical shark habitats in the region. Of 182 MPAs identified, 41.8 % do not have a management plan, comprising 39.8 % of the total MPA surface area. Mexico, Costa Rica, and Colombia have relatively strong governance frameworks in place and, along with Panama, Honduras, and Ecuador, represent the highest overlap between MPAs and ISRAs. However, the contribution of the remaining six countries to shark protection via MPAs is low based on limited spatial overlap with ISRAs (<2 %). As countries mobilise to meet the 30×30 target, we propose considering ISRAs as a key component of spatial planning when designing new MPAs, designating existing partially protected areas as no-take zones, or reshaping the boundaries of existing MPAs.
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    Unveiling Macroecological Patterns of Elasmobranchs in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
    (Wiley, 2025) Navia, Andrés F; Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Ágreda-Arango, Jose; Areano, Elisa; Avalos-Castillo, Cristopher; Bizzarro, Jospeh J; Bustamante, Carlos; Cevallos, Adriana; Concha, Francisco J; Cruz-Escalona, Victor H; Ebert, David A; Espinoza, Maria; González Leiva, Alberto; Guzmán, Héctor M; Hearn, Alex; Hleap, José S; Mangel, Jefrrey C; Mejía-Falla, Paola A; Morales-Saldaña, Jorge M; Santana, Heriberto; Sosa-Nishizaki, Oscar; Tovar-Ávila, Javier; Vélez-Zuazo, Ximena
    AimTo examine the species richness, distribution and macroecological patterns of elasmobranch assemblages across a broad latitudinal gradient in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO).LocationThe study area encompasses the Pacific coast of the American continent, spanning from 65 degrees N to 60 degrees S, and extending from the coastline to approximately 1000 km offshore, encompassing the oceanic archipelagos.TaxonElasmobranchs.MethodsUtilising the established distribution ranges of 190 elasmobranch species (comprising 89 sharks and 101 rays), we assessed the richness and spatial distribution of these species across the EPO. Subsequently, three macroecological patterns were scrutinised: Rapoport's rule, the Mid Domain Effect with its association to Mean Sea Surface Temperature, and the correlation between body size and latitudinal distribution.ResultsThe analysis of species richness along latitudinal gradients unveiled a bimodal pattern, reaching peaks between 30 degrees to 20 degrees N and 10 degrees N to 5 degrees S. A decline in species richness was observed from tropical to polar regions. Contrary to Rapoport's Rule, Stevens' and midpoint methods demonstrated higher geographic range values at lower latitudes, diminishing towards higher latitudes. Additionally, the mid-domain effect model exhibited a robust correlation with the mean sea surface temperature. Exploring the interspecific relationship between body size and extent of occurrence, it was found that 29 out of 190 species are more susceptible to extinction.Main ConclusionMarine elasmobranchs of the EPO defy conventional latitudinal richness patterns and deviate from Rapoport's rule. Furthermore, our findings indicate a robust correlation between observed richness and both sea surface temperature and environmental heterogeneity. The proportion of species vulnerable to human or stochastic impacts potentially leading to extirpation in relation to their geographic range was low across the majority of examined provinces.