Examinando por Autor "Muñoz, Christian A."

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    New insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during and after the COVID- 19 pandemic
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Carvajal, Jonatan J.; García Castillo, Valeria; Cuellar, Shelsy V.; Campillay Véliz, Claudia P.; Salazar Ardiles, Camila; Avellaneda, Andrea M.; Muñoz, Christian A.; Retamal Díaz, Angello; Bueno, Susan M.; González, Pablo A.; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Lay, Margarita K.
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the respiratory distress condition known as COVID-19. This disease broadly affects several physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal, renal, and central nervous (CNS) systems, significantly influencing the patient’s overall quality of life. Additionally, numerous risk factors have been suggested, including gender, body weight, age, metabolic status, renal health, preexisting cardiomyopathies, and inflammatory conditions. Despite advances in understanding the genome and pathophysiological ramifications of COVID-19, its precise origins remain elusive. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with a receptor-binding domain within angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This receptor is expressed in various organs of different species, including humans, with different abundance. Although COVID-19 has multiorgan manifestations, the main pathologies occur in the lung, including pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, and secondary bacterial pneumonia. In the post- COVID-19 period, different sequelae may occur, which may have various causes, including the direct action of the virus, alteration of the immune response, and metabolic alterations during infection, among others. Recognizing the serious adverse health effects associated with COVID-19, it becomes imperative to comprehensively elucidate and discuss the existing evidence surrounding this viral infection, including those related to the pathophysiological effects of the disease and the subsequent consequences. This review aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 and its long-term effects on human health.
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    The Chilean COVID-19 Genomics Network Biorepository: A Resource for Multi-Omics Studies of COVID-19 and Long COVID in a Latin American Population
    (MDPI, 2024) Signore, Iskra A.; Donoso, Gerardo; Bocchieri, Pamela; Tobar-Calfucoy, Eduardo A.; Yáñez, Cristian E.; Carvajal-Silva, Laura; Silva, Andrea X.; Otth, Carola; Cappelli, Claudio; Valenzuela Jorquera, Héctor; Zapata Contreras, Daniela; Espinosa Parrilla, Yolanda; Zúñiga Pacheco, Paula; Fuentes Guajardo, Macarena; Monardes Ramírez, Virginia A.; Kochifas Velasquez, Pia; Muñoz, Christian A.; Dorador, Cristina; García Araya, Jonathan; Campillay Véliz, Claudia P.; Echeverria, Cesar; Santander, Rodolfo Alejandro; Cerpa, Leslie C.; Martínez, Matías F.; Quiñones, Luis Abel; Lamoza Galleguillos, Eduardo Roberto; Saez Hidalgo, Juan; Nova-Lamperti, Estefanía; Sanhueza, Sergio; Giacaman, Annesi; Acosta Jamett, Gerardo; Verdugo, Cristóbal; Plaza, Anita; Verdugo, Claudio; Selman, Carolina; Verdugo, Ricardo Alejandro; Colombo, Alicia
    Although a lack of diversity in genetic studies is an acknowledged obstacle for personalized medicine and precision public health, Latin American populations remain particularly understudied despite their heterogeneity and mixed ancestry. This gap extends to COVID-19 despite its variability in susceptibility and clinical course, where ethnic background appears to influence disease severity, with non-Europeans facing higher hospitalization rates. In addition, access to high-quality samples and data is a critical issue for personalized and precision medicine, and it has become clear that the solution lies in biobanks. The creation of the Chilean COVID-19 Biorepository reported here addresses these gaps, representing the first nationwide multicentric Chilean initiative. It operates under rigorous biobanking standards and serves as one of South America’s largest COVID cohorts. A centralized harmonization strategy was chosen and included unified standard operating procedures, a sampling coding system, and biobanking staff training. Adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection provided broad informed consent. Samples were collected to preserve blood, plasma, buffy coat, and DNA. Quality controls included adherence to the standard preanalytical code, incident reporting, and DNA concentration and absorbance ratio 260/280 assessments. Detailed sociodemographic, health, medication, and preexisting condition data were gathered. In five months, 2262 participants were enrolled, pseudonymized, and sorted by disease severity. The average Amerindian ancestry considering all participant was 44.0% [SD 15.5%], and this value increased to 61.2% [SD 19.5%] among those who self-identified as Native South Americans. Notably, 279 participants self-identified with one of 12 ethnic groups. High compliance (>90%) in all assessed quality controls was achieved. Looking ahead, our team founded the COVID-19 Genomics Network (C19-GenoNet) focused on identifying genetic factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 outcomes. In conclusion, this bottom-up collaborative effort aims to promote the integration of Latin American populations into global genetic research and welcomes collaborations supporting this endeavor. Interested parties are invited to explore collaboration opportunities through our catalog, accessible online.