Examinando por Autor "Ulloa, Osvaldo"

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    Biogeographic Insights Into the Late Miocene Diversification of the Giant Deep-Ocean Amphipod Eurythenes
    (Wiley, 2025) Gonzalez, Carolina E; Weston, Johanna N. J; Rivera, Reinaldo; Oliva, Marcelo; Escribano, Ruben; Ulloa, Osvaldo
    Mechanisms driving the spatial and temporal patterns of species distribution in the Earth's largest habitat, the deep ocean, remainlargely enigmatic. The late Miocene to the Pliocene (~23–2.58 Ma) is a period that was marked by significant geological, climatic,and oceanographic changes. This transitional period spurred widespread species diversification, particularly among widely dis-tributed benthic scavengers, such as amphipods. Here, we take step toward understanding the long-term evolutionary processesof amphipod colonization and diversification in the deep ocean by focusing on the model genus Eurythenes S. I. Smith in Scudder,1882. These large-bodied scavengers play key roles in benthic communities. We constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny usingtwo mitochondrial DNA genes by analyzing publicly available data on 14 species of Eurythenes across a global depth range from839 to 8081 m. The resulting phylogenetic tree reveals a diverse clade, with a common ancestor originating around 11.81 Ma. Agradual increase in the effective population size of Eurythenes was observed, particularly during the Pliocene (~4 Ma). The netdiversification rate remained almost constant, with slight increases between the Miocene and Pliocene (~8–4 Ma), and most newspecies appeared during the latter period. Additionally, reconstruction of the ancestral area suggested that the common ancestorof Eurythenes had a global distribution. A combination of dispersal and sympatric processes, along with environmental factors,such as changes in ocean temperature and sea level, contributed to the present biogeographic distribution of these species. Ourfindings highlight the importance of historical events, such as plate tectonics and changes in deep-water circulation, in drivingthe rapid speciation of Eurythenes and underscore their essential role in shaping deep-ocean biodiversity