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Ítem Genetic analysis of two Alella spp. (Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) supports their validity and justifies a new genus for Alella igillimpethu Erasmus, Hadfield, Wepener & Smit, 2023(Magnolia Press, 2025) Romero, Raul Castro; Oktener, Ahmet; Moncada, Melisa; Montes, Martin MThe erection of a new genus to accommodate Alella igillimpethu Erasmus, Hadfield, Wepener & Smit, 2023 as Simplalella igillimpethu gen. nov. et comb. nov. is proposed, based on molecular and morphological analyses. The new genus is closely related in the phylogenetic tree to Clavellotis dilatata (Kr & oslash;yer, 1863) but according to genetic divergence, it is more closely related to Parabrachiella merlucci (Bassett-Smith, 1896), Praeclavella nasalis Castro Romero, Montes & Martorelli, 2022, and Praeclavella caudata (Castro Romero & Baeza-Kuroki, 1985) (19%). A. macrotrachelus (Brian, 1906) and A. canthari (Heller, 1865) are closely related, with 16% genetic divergence between them. Despite their confirmed validity, the cryptic species within the genus show no discernible morphological differences. A revision of the other species currently included in Alella Leigh-Sharpe, 1925, based on molecular data, is recommended to clarify their true taxonomic position. The molecular analysis also reveals a novel placement of Clavellisa Wilson C.B., 1915, which appears basal to all other analyzed Lernaeopodidae, whereas in previous phylogenies of Lernaeopodidae it was placed at the base of the Clavella Oken, 1815 branch. This new position could be explained by the presence of a short uropod in Clavellisa, along with vestigial thoracic legs in some species-features that suggest a primitive condition.Ítem Two new species of Clavellotis (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) with an approach to the phylogeny of the genus and its relationships inside the Clavella-Branch(Magnolia Press, 2025) Romero, Raul Castro; Montes, Martin M; Otkener, Ahmet; Shimabukuro, Marina Ibanez; Theiller, Mariela; Campos, LeonardoThe identity of Clavellotis specimens parasitizing Chilean fishes has been determined using integrative taxonomy. Clavellotis dubius sp. nov., parasitic on Chromis crusma, can be distinguished from other species in the genus by a combination of characters, particularly the projection at the base of the cephalothorax, which shows variation related to the original aliform projection in Clavellotis. Additionally, its trunk is more elongated compared to the suborbicular trunk typical of other species. The male morphology aligns with the typical characteristics of the genus. The COI mtDNA genetic divergence between C. dubius sp. nov. and other Clavellotis ranges from 11.54% to 14.57%. Clavellotis girellae sp. nov., parasitic on Girella laevifrons, is morphologically similar to Clavellotis dilatata. However, males exhibit a unique dorsal projection shared only with Clavellotis sebastidis. The COI mtDNA genetic divergence for C. girellae sp. nov. ranges from 5.29% (with C. dilatata) to 12.94% (with C. sebastidis). With the addition of C. dubius and C. girellae, the number of Clavellotis species reported from Chilean fauna in the South Pacific increases to three, and the total number of species in the genus raises to 13. A phylogenetic analysis of Clavellotis is presented, including species from the South Pacific (C. dilatata, C. dubius sp. nov. and C. girellae sp. nov.), from South Atlantic (C. sebastidis) and Turkish Sea (Clavellotis fallax, Clavellotis strumosa, Clavellotis pagri and Clavellotis sargi). The analysis confirms the monophyly of Clavellotis, with C. sargi appearing as the most basal of the species within the genus. Additionally, the relationships of Clavellotis with other genera in the Clavella branchAlella, Clavella, Clavellisa Maxiclavella and Praeclavella-are also discussed.Ítem Evidence from integrative taxonomy reveals non-monophyly in Pseudocharopinus (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae), with description of a new species from the Southwestern Atlantic(Springer, 2025) Montes, Martin Miguel; Castro-Romero, Raul; Bovcon, Nelson; Ostoich, Nicolas; Valerga, Emilia; Theiller, Mariela; Balcazar, DarioA new species, Pseudocharopinus tenshken n. sp., is described and illustrated as a parasite of juvenile Squalus acanthias from Argentine waters in the South Atlantic. Although morphologically similar to Pseudocharopinus bicaudatus, a species widely distributed on the same host, distinct morphological differences are evident. The new species differs from P. bicaudatus in its dorsal shield, which is more elongated and has more developed sclerites. Additionally, the cephalothorax of the new species reaches 82% of the trunk length, whereas it is shorter in P. bicaudatus. In contrast, the maxilla in P. bicaudatus extends up to 65% of the trunk length, while in P. tenshken n. sp., it reaches 76% of the trunk length. These morphological distinctions are supported by a genetic divergence of 17% from P. bicaudatus. In the COI phylogenetic tree, a strongly supported clade is observed, consisting of (Pseudocharopinus malleus (P. bicaudatus + Lernaeopoda bivia)). Then, Salmincola spp. appears in a clade with low support, followed by Pseudocharopinus pillai. Later, another strongly supported clade includes (Pseudocharopinus tenshken n. sp. (Brianella corniger + Pseudocharopinus pteromylaei)). Based on our results, the genus Pseudocharopinus should be considered non-monophyletic. These findings suggest that at least two independent Lernaeopodid infection events occurred in chondrichthyans.Ítem Biophysical performance indicators for secondary resources reveal positive effects at the community level in La Rinconada Marine Reserve (Antofagasta, Chile), SE Pacific Ocean(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2025) Avendano, Miguel; Cantillanez, Marcela. Direct evaluations of the main resource Argopecten purpuratus and its accompanying benthic fauna developed between 1999 and 2013 in La Rinconada Marine Reserve (Antofagasta, northern Chile) confirmed the presence of two subsystems made up of different species that cohabit with the principal resource (designated SS1 and SS2). SS1 has a medium and fine sand substrate with a coverage of over 80% at the center of the red algae Rhodymenia corallina. In addition to the primary resource, the scallop A. purpuratus, we also found secondary resources such as Thaisella chocolata, Romaleon setosum, and, under ENSO conditions, Octopus mimus recruits. In SS2, which runs parallel to the coastline, coarser substrates are observed, mainly shells and quartzite gravel mixed with fine and medium sand areas occupied by the bivalves Transennella pannosa and Tagelus dombeii. Our results show that anthropogenic activities have not affected the abundance and size structure of secondary resources in SS1 and density and size structure in SS2, evidencing a permanent pre-recruitment of organisms. The information generated in this study can complement the current criteria applied to assess the performance of this reserve by accounting for the state of the main commercial resource of interest (A. purpuratus). We also discuss the benefits of a more integrative methodology that evaluates the benthic community and the ecosystem based on a conservation and management approach. An inventory of the recorded species in the marine reserve is also provided for the first time and may constitute a baseline for future studiesÍtem From a Brown to a blue economy in Chile(ELSEVIER, 2024) Anbleyth Evans, Jeremy; Araos Leiva, Francisco; Gaymer, Carlos F.; Alvarez Abel, Ricardo R. ; Campos, Leonardo; Hidalgo, CarlosThe Chilean brown economy continues to expand, without specific definition of sustainable limits or how to transition to an ecologically balanced future. The article first reviews marine democracy across 42 cases of mining and coastal refinery projects, port developments, aquaculture, factory contamination, wind farms, coal and property development. In depth, an industrial fish factory cluster in Arica, a coastal zone impacted by mining in Cha˜naral, and fjord aquaculture in Puyuhapi. Using semi structured interviews, and participatory GIS focus groups, it shows the same issues repeat, and how a new participatory marine democratic system might transition the blue economy.