Haloterrigena sp. Strain SGH1, a Bacterioruberin-Rich, Perchlorate-Tolerant Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From Halite Microbial Communities, Atacama Desert, Chile.

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dc.contributor.authorNataly Flores
dc.contributor.authorSebastian Hoyos
dc.contributor.authorMauricio Venegas
dc.contributor.authorAlexandra Galetović
dc.contributor.authorLidia M. Zúñiga
dc.contributor.authorFrancisca Fábrega
dc.contributor.authorBernando Paredes
dc.contributor.authorCamila Salazar-Ardiles
dc.contributor.authorClaudia Vilo
dc.contributor.authorCarmen Ascaso
dc.contributor.authorJacek Wierzchos
dc.contributor.authorVirginia Souza-Egipsy
dc.contributor.authorJorge E. Araya
dc.contributor.authorRamon Alberto Batista-García
dc.contributor.authorBenito Gómez-Silva
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-16T19:19:12Z
dc.date.available2025-06-16T19:19:12Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractAn extreme halophilic archaeon, strain SGH1, is a novel microorganism isolated from endolithic microbial communities colonizing halites at Salar Grande, Atacama Desert, in northern Chile. Our study provides structural, biochemical, genomic, and physiological information on this new isolate living at the edge of the physical and chemical extremes at the Atacama Desert. SGH1 is a Gram-negative, red-pigmented, non-motile unicellular coccoid organism. Under the transmission electron microscope, strain SGH1 showed an abundant electro-dense material surrounding electron-lucent globular structures resembling gas vacuoles. Strain SGH1 showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence with a close phylogenetic relationship to the extreme halophilic archaea Haloterrigena turkmenica and Haloterrigena salina and has been denominated Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1. Strain SGH1 grew at 20–40°C (optimum 37°C), at salinities between 15 and 30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 25%) and growth was improved by addition of 50 mM KCl and 0.5% w/v casamino acids. Growth was severely restricted at salinities below 15% NaCl and cell lysis is avoided at a minimal 10% NaCl. Maximal concentrations of magnesium chloride and sodium or magnesium perchlorates that supported SGH1 growth were 0.5 and 0.15M, respectively. Haloterrigena sp. strain SGH1 accumulates bacterioruberin (BR), a C50 xanthophyll, as the major carotenoid. Total carotenoids in strain SGH1 amounted to nearly 400 μg BR per gram of dry biomass. Nearly 80% of total carotenoids accumulated as geometric isomers of BR: all-trans-BR (50%), 5-cis-BR (15%), 9-cis-BR (10%), 13-cis-BR (4%); other carotenoids were dehydrated derivatives of BR. Carotenogenesis in SGH1 was a reversible and salt-dependent process; transferring BR-rich cells grown in 25% (w/v) NaCl to 15% (w/v) NaCl medium resulted in depigmentation, and BR content was recovered after transference and growth of unpigmented cells to high salinity medium. Methanol extracts and purified BR isomers showed an 8–9-fold higher antioxidant activity than Trolox or β-carotene. Both, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential measurements under acute 18-h assays showed that purified BR isomers were non-toxic to cultured human THP-1 cells.
dc.description.sponsorshipCeBiB FB-0001 Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) Semillero de Investigación, Grant SI-5305 by Universidad de Antofagasta Grant PGC2018-094076-B-I00 from Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI) (Spain) FEDER (UE) to JW and CA FONDEQUIP EQM-120137
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2020.00324
dc.identifier.issn1664302X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioabierto.uantof.cl/handle/uantof/515
dc.language.isoen
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceFrontiers in Microbiology
dc.titleHaloterrigena sp. Strain SGH1, a Bacterioruberin-Rich, Perchlorate-Tolerant Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From Halite Microbial Communities, Atacama Desert, Chile.
dc.typeArticle
oaire.citation.volume11
organization.identifier.rorUniversidad de Antofagasta
uantof.identificator.departmentDepartamento de Tecnología Médica
uantof.identificator.departmentDepartamento Biomédico
uantof.identificator.facultyFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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