Hypoxic Respiratory Chemoreflex Control in Young Trained Swimmers

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dc.contributor.authorAlexis Arce Álvarez
dc.contributor.authorCarlos Veliz
dc.contributor.authorManuel Vazquez-Muñoz
dc.contributor.authorMagdalena von Igel
dc.contributor.authorCristian Alvares
dc.contributor.authorRodrigo Ramirez Campillo
dc.contributor.authorMikel Izquierdo
dc.contributor.authorGregoire P. Millet
dc.contributor.authorRodrigo Del Rio
dc.contributor.authorDavid C. Andrade
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-06T13:46:21Z
dc.date.available2026-01-06T13:46:21Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractDuring an apnea, changes in PaO2 activate peripheral chemoreceptors to increase respiratory drive. Athletes with continuous apnea, such as breath-hold divers, have shown a decrease in hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), which could explain the long apnea times; however, this has not been studied in swimmers. We hypothesize that the long periods of voluntary apnea in swimmers is related to a decreased HVR. Therefore, we sought to determine the HVR and cardiovascular adjustments during a maximum voluntary apnea in young-trained swimmers. In fifteen trained swimmers and twentyseven controls we studied minute ventilation (VE), arterial saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and autonomic response [through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis], during acute chemoreflex activation (five inhalations of pure N2) and maximum voluntary apnea test. In apnea tests, the maximum voluntary apnea time and the end-apnea HR were higher in swimmers than in controls (p < 0.05), as well as a higher low frequency component of HRV (p < 0.05), than controls. Swimmers showed lower HVR than controls (p < 0.01) without differences in cardiac hypoxic response (CHR). We conclude that swimmers had a reduced HVR response and greater maximal voluntary apnea duration, probably due to decreased HVR.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversidad Mayor (PEP I-2019050 and PEP I-2019064) Proyecto interdisciplinar Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (II-2112AAA).
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2021.632603
dc.identifier.issn1664042X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioabierto.uantof.cl/handle/uantof/594
dc.language.isoen
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceFrontiers in Physiology
dc.titleHypoxic Respiratory Chemoreflex Control in Young Trained Swimmers
dc.typeArticle
oaire.citation.volume12
organization.identifier.rorUniversidad de Antofagasta
uantof.identificator.centerCentro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura
uantof.identificator.facultyFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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