Shortfalls in the protection of Important Shark and Ray Areas undermine shark conservation efforts in the Central and South American Pacific

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dc.contributor.authorMouton, Théophil L
dc.contributor.authorGonzález-Pestana, Adriana
dc.contributor.authorRohner, Christoph A
dc.contributor.authorCharles, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Rodríguez, Emiliano
dc.contributor.authorKyne, Peter M
dc.contributor.authorBatlle-Morera, Amanda
dc.contributor.authorDi Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo
dc.contributor.authorArmstrong, Asia O
dc.contributor.authorAcuña, Enzo
dc.contributor.authorAlfaro-Shigueto, Joanna
dc.contributor.authorArauz, Randall
dc.contributor.authorAvalos-Castillo, Cristopher G
dc.contributor.authorAugustinus, Ely
dc.contributor.authorBessudo, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorBarraza, Enrique
dc.contributor.authorBustamante, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorChávez, Elpis J
dc.contributor.authorEspinoza, Eduardo Ramon
dc.contributor.authorEspinoza, Mario
dc.contributor.authorHacohen-Domené, Ana
dc.contributor.authorHearn, Alex R
dc.contributor.authorHernández, Grettel M
dc.contributor.authorGalván-Magaña, Felipe
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Leiva, José A
dc.contributor.authorKetchum, James T
dc.contributor.authorLadino, Felipe
dc.contributor.authorLara-Lizardi, Frida
dc.contributor.authorMorales-Saldaña, Jorge Manuel
dc.contributor.authorMorales Serrano, Naití
dc.contributor.authorMadrigal-Mesén, Jeffry
dc.contributor.authorMejía-Falla, Paola A
dc.contributor.authorNavia, Andrés F
dc.contributor.authorOchoa, Gabriela M
dc.contributor.authorPalacios, Marta D
dc.contributor.authorPeñaherrera-Palma, César R
dc.contributor.authorPolanco-Vásquez, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez-Arriatti, Yehudi
dc.contributor.authorSaldaña-Ruiz, Luz E
dc.contributor.authorSosa-Nishizaki, Oscar
dc.contributor.authorTovar-Ávila, Javier
dc.contributor.authorVega, Ángel J
dc.contributor.authorVélez-Zuazo, Ximena
dc.contributor.authorVillate-Moreno, Melany
dc.contributor.authorZanella, Ilena
dc.contributor.authorJabado, Rima W
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-21T19:03:40Z
dc.date.available2026-10-21T19:03:40Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.description.abstractGlobal biodiversity targets require nations to designate 30 % of their marine waters as protected areas by 2030. Sharks, rays, and chimaeras (hereafter ‘sharks’) are key components of aquatic ecosystems; however, over a third are globally threatened with extinction. Across the Central and South American Pacific Ocean region, we (i) assessed trends in Marine Protected Area (MPA) expansion and extent across the 12 nations of the region; (ii) quantified the spatial overlap between MPAs and Important Shark and Ray Areas (ISRAs); and (iii) evaluated the effectiveness of the current MPA governance structure at protecting sharks and their critical habitat. There has been a recent rapid increase in the establishment of MPAs with 90 % of current MPAs designated since 2010. Yet, El Salvador, Guatemala, Peru, and Honduras still protect less than 10 % of their waters. We find that ISRAs overlap with all MPAs by only 15.6 % and with no-take MPAs by 7.3 %. This raises concerns about the low level of protection afforded to critical shark habitats in the region. Of 182 MPAs identified, 41.8 % do not have a management plan, comprising 39.8 % of the total MPA surface area. Mexico, Costa Rica, and Colombia have relatively strong governance frameworks in place and, along with Panama, Honduras, and Ecuador, represent the highest overlap between MPAs and ISRAs. However, the contribution of the remaining six countries to shark protection via MPAs is low based on limited spatial overlap with ISRAs (<2 %). As countries mobilise to meet the 30×30 target, we propose considering ISRAs as a key component of spatial planning when designing new MPAs, designating existing partially protected areas as no-take zones, or reshaping the boundaries of existing MPAs.
dc.description.sponsorshipShark Conservation Fund
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106448
dc.identifier.issn0308-597X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioabierto.uantof.cl/handle/uantof/789
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.sourceMarine Policy
dc.subjectArea-based conservation
dc.subjectBiodiversity
dc.subjectConservation
dc.subjectGovernance
dc.subjectSpatial planning
dc.subjectChondrichthyes
dc.titleShortfalls in the protection of Important Shark and Ray Areas undermine shark conservation efforts in the Central and South American Pacific
dc.typeArticle
oaire.citation.volume171
organization.identifier.rorhttps://ror.org/04eyc6d95
organization.legalNameUniversidad de Antofagasta
uantof.curation.reviewed2026-11-05
uantof.curation.reviewedByDiego León
uantof.identificator.facultyFacultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos
uantof.identificator.instituteInstituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt
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