Long COVIDamongBrazilian Adults and Elders 12 Months after Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study

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dc.contributor.authorSalci, Maria Aparecida
dc.contributor.authorCarreira, Lígia
dc.contributor.authorNascimento Oliveira, Natan
dc.contributor.authorDavid Pereira, Natan
dc.contributor.authorRocha Covre, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorBrichi Pesce, Giovanna
dc.contributor.authorRosseto Oliveira, Rosana
dc.contributor.authorHöring, Carla Franciele
dc.contributor.authorBaccon, Wanessa Cristina
dc.contributor.authorPuente Alcaraz, Jesús
dc.contributor.authorAlves Santos, Giovana
dc.contributor.authorLopes Maciel Bolsoni, Ludmila
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez Carmona, Andrés
dc.contributor.authorNickenig Vissoci, João Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorFacchini, Luiz Augusto
dc.contributor.authorLaranjeira, Carlos
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-09T18:51:05Z
dc.date.available2026-03-09T18:51:05Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.description.abstractAbstract: The persistence of symptoms for more than three months following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is referred to as “Long COVID”. To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology and long-term progression of symptoms, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of Long COVID and its associated factors in a cohort of Brazilian adults and elders, twelve months after hospital discharge. An observational, prospective, and follow-up study was performed with a cohort of adults and older adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Twelve months after hospital discharge, patients answered a phone questionnaire about the persistence of symptoms after three levels of exposure to COVID-19’s acute phase (ambulatory, medical ward, and intensive care unit). According to the characteristics of participants, the prevalence of Long COVID-19 was calculated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. We analyzed data from 1822 participants (980 adults [≥18–<60 years] and 842 older people [≥60 years]) across three exposure levels. The overall Long COVID prevalence was 64.2%. Long COVID was observed in 646 adults (55%; of which 326 were women) and 523 older people (45%; of which 284 were women). Females had a higher prevalence of long-term symptoms (52%) compared with men. The most common post-COVID-19 conditions in the 12-month follow-up were neurological (49.8%), followed by musculoskeletal (35.1%) and persistent respiratory symptoms (26.5%). Male individuals were less likely to develop Long COVID (aOR = 0.50). Other determinants were also considered risky, such as the presence of comorbidities (aOR = 1.41). Being an adult and having been hospitalized was associated with the development of Long COVID. The risk of developing Long COVID was twice as high for ward patients (aOR = 2.53) and three times as high for ICU patients (aOR = 3.56) when compared to non-hospitalized patients. Presenting clinical manifestations of digestive (aOR = 1.56), endocrine (aOR = 2.14), cutaneous (aOR = 2.51), musculoskeletal (aOR = 2.76) and psychological systems (aOR = 1.66) made adults more likely to develop Long COVID. Long COVID was present in a large proportion of people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of Long COVID symptoms displayed a dose–response relationship with the level of disease exposure, with a greater prevalence of symptoms associated with the severe form in the acute period.
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (FNDCT/MCTIC), Ministério da Saúde (MS) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)—Processo n◦ 402,882/2020-2 FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (UIDB/05704/2020 and UIDP/05704/2020) and by the Scientific Employment Stimulus—Institutional Call
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/healthcare12141443
dc.identifier.issn2227-9032
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioabierto.uantof.cl/handle/uantof/648
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceHealthcare (Switzerland)
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectepidemiology
dc.subjectprevalence studies
dc.subjectLong COVID
dc.subjectsigns and symptoms
dc.subjectBrazil
dc.titleLong COVIDamongBrazilian Adults and Elders 12 Months after Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study
dc.typeArticle
oaire.citation.volume12
organization.identifier.rorhttps://ror.org/04eyc6d95
organization.legalNameUniversidad de Antofagasta
uantof.identificator.departmentDepartamento de Enfermería
uantof.identificator.facultyFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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