Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Response to Muscle Fatigue and Sex Differences During Consecutive Competition Periods in Young Swimmers: A Longitudinal Study

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dc.contributor.authorMatías Castillo-Aguilar
dc.contributor.authorPablo Valdés-Badilla
dc.contributor.authorTomás Herrera-Valenzuela
dc.contributor.authorEduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
dc.contributor.authorPedro Delgado-Floody
dc.contributor.authorDavid Cristóbal Andrade
dc.contributor.authorMichele M. Moraes
dc.contributor.authorRosa M. E. Arantes
dc.contributor.authorCristian Núñez-Espinosa
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-17T19:29:00Z
dc.date.available2025-06-17T19:29:00Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractObjective: To study the differences in cardiac autonomic modulation in response to muscle fatigue caused by high-intensity exercise during two consecutive competition periods in young swimmers. Methods: Twenty-six competitive swimmers, selected by their training volume, were separated in two groups, females (n = 12 [46%], age: 13.5 ± 1.4 years) and males (n = 14 [54%], age: 13.9 ± 1.7 years), aged between 10 and 16 years, were evaluated five times as follow: (i) 21 days before the first competition (t-0); (ii) two days before (t-1; t-3); and (iii) two days after (t-2; t-4) of the first and second competitions. Morphological measurements (body mass, percentage of total body fat and height), blood pressure, power, and resting heart rate variability (RR with Polar band) were recorded before and after Wingate test at each time. Results: Body fat was higher in females compared to males. However, no differences were found in other morphological parameters. An intra-subject analysis grouped by sex in cardiovascular parameters shows longitudinal variations in systolic pressure and mean pressure among females. Additionally, females depicted higher, very low frequency (VLF, which is intrinsically generated by the heart and strongly associated with emotional stress) after physical fatigue compared to males at t-1. Further, before the competition, the high frequency (HF) component of HRV (parasympathetic drive) was higher in males than females at t-0 and t-4. Conclusion: Our data revealed that males displayed greater parasympathetic reactivity after an anaerobic muscle fatigue test during their competition periods. Contrarily, females had a less cardiac autonomic modulation when comparing the pre-post Wingate test after two consecutive competition periods.
dc.description.sponsorshipMAG2095 (Chilean Education Ministry). The National Fund for the Promotion of Sports of Chile, code 1800120339 (Instituto Nacional de Deporte de Chile, IND). post-doctoral fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES/BRASIL) – Finance Code 001 [88887.321687/2019–00] research fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/BRASIL) [305952/2017–0] Grant CNPq [442645/2018–0]
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2021.769085
dc.identifier.issn1664042X
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioabierto.uantof.cl/handle/uantof/524
dc.language.isoen
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.sourceFrontiers in Physiology
dc.titleCardiac Autonomic Modulation in Response to Muscle Fatigue and Sex Differences During Consecutive Competition Periods in Young Swimmers: A Longitudinal Study
dc.typeArticle
oaire.citation.volume9
organization.identifier.rorUniversidad de Antofagasta
uantof.identificator.centerCentro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura
uantof.identificator.facultyFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud
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