Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis of Peri-Implant Bone Defects Exposed to a Peri-Implantitis Microcosm, with and without Bone Substitute, in a Rabbit Model: A Pilot Study
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2024
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Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation in the periimplant
connective tissue and a progressive loss of supporting bone; it is commonly associated with
the presence of biofilms on the surface of the implant, which is an important factor in the development
and progression of the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using micro-CT, the bone
regeneration of surgically created peri-implant defects exposed to a microcosm of peri-implantitis.
Twenty-three adult New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. Bone defects of 7 mm
diameter were created in both tibiae, and a cap-shaped titanium device was placed in the center,
counter-implanted with a peri-implantitis microcosm. The bone defects received a bone substitute
and/or a resorbable synthetic PLGA membrane, according to random distribution. Euthanasia was
performed 15 and 30 days postoperatively. Micro-CT was performed on all samples to quantify bone
regeneration parameters. Bone regeneration of critical defects occurred in all experimental groups,
with a significantly greater increase in cases that received bone graft treatment (p < 0.0001), in all
measured parameters, at 15 and 30 days. No significant differences were observed in the different
bone neoformation parameters between the groups that did not receive bone grafts (p > 0.05). In this
experimental model, the presence of peri-implantitis microcosms was not a determining factor in the
bone volume parameter, both in the groups that received regenerative treatment and in those that
did not.