Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud

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Health status and self -efficacy in elderly users in primary care
(2017) Tapia P., C.; Iturra M., V.; Valdivia R., Y.; Varela V., H.; Jorquera C., M.; Carmona G., A.
Comparison of Total Anaerobic Microbiota in Periodontitis Before and After the Subgingival Irrigation with Chlorhexidine at 0.12 %
(2019) Lorena Mejías; Diego Iriarte; Rodolfo Sanchez; Iván Neira; Joel Bravo
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de la irrigaci n subgingival de la clorhexidina 0,12 % sobre la microbiota anaer bica total. Se tomaron muestras microbiol gicas a 30 sujetos con periodontitis estadio II grado B, en sacos periodontales con una profundidad de sondaje > 4 mm. Se realizó la irrigación subgingival con 5 mL. de clorhexidina en el grupo test y con 5 mL. de agua destilada en el grupo control. 24 horas después del procedimiento se obtuvo una segunda muestra a comparar. Se detectó que la irrigación subgingival con clorhexidina al 0,12 % logra disminuir en forma estadísticamente significativa la microbiota anaeróbica total (p< 0,05).
Observational cross-sectional study of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontal disease attending a Chilean university dental clinic
(2019) Casandra Bracamonte Wolf; Patricio R. Orrego; Christian Muñoz; Daniel Herrera; Joel Bravo; Jorge Gonzalez; Héctor Varela; Alejandro Catalán; Jorge E. Araya
Background: The oral flagellated protozoan Trichomonas tenax has been associated with patients with periodontal disease. However, no recent studies have been conducted on the prevalence of T. tenax in Chile. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of T. tenax in patients with periodontal disease, admitted to the Dental Clinic of the University of Antofagasta, Chile, through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the beta-tubulin gene. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease, 20 of them with gingivitis and 30 with periodontitis. T. tenax was identified by PCR amplification of the beta-tubulin gene. Associations between the protozoan and periodontal disease or the presence of risk factors to establish T. tenax infection were determined using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: T. tenax was present in 28 out of 50 (56%) of patients with periodontal disease, and was more prevalent when associated with periodontitis (21 out of 30; 70%) than dental plaque-induced gingivitis (7 out of 20; 35%). Non-statistically-significant associations were observed between the presence of T. tenax and age, gender, smoking habit or diabetes. Statistically significant associations were observed between the presence of T. tenax and periodontal disease, and between T. tenax and the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index. Conclusion: T. tenax showed a high presence in patients with progressive states of periodontal diseases. Consequently, T. tenax detection is strongly recommended in patients with periodontal disease diagnosis and with a PSR index greater than 3.
Immediate Small-Diameter Implants as Abutments for an Overdenture in the Edentulous Atrophic Mandible: Report of Immersion Endoscopic Bone in vivo, and Histologic Bone-Implant Evaluation After 6 Months of Function
(2019) Víctor Beltrán; Ricardo Lillo; Benjamín Weber; Iván Valdivia Gandur; María Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes; Wilfried Engelke
The aim of this report was to endoscopically evaluate bone quality in vivo in the immediate installation of temporary small-diameter implants, and again after 6 months of function, through an attachments system for overdenture, in the atrophic mandible of a patient. We also histologically evaluated bone-implant interaction in these temporary small-diameter implants, once the success of the osseointegration of the submerged implants was guaranteed. A patient received a total of 6 implants in the atrophic mandible, two of which were immediately loaded with a provisional prosthesis, and four were left to heal in a submerged way. Further, an immersion endoscopic evaluation was performed during bone drilling, and this showed a compact bone structure with limited vascularization and predominantly cortical structure.This immediate loading protocol involving an overdenture retained by two small-diameter implants of 2.9 mm in the atrophic mandible proved to be successful after 6 months of loading. Clinical and histologic osseointegration was consistently achieved for both of the retrieved immediately loaded implants. This modality allows the patient to be restored with a stable, functional, and aesthetic prosthesis during the osseointegration period of submerged implants and soft-tissue healing, before the removal of the provisional implants. The histological evaluation of bone-implant contact found that the space between the implant threads closer to the surface was filled with woven bone and lamellar bone, but the tissue in contact with the cervical portion of the implants was compatible with cortical bone organization. Also, the newly formed bone has a regular cell distribution and characteristics of advanced maturation after 6 months of function in the atrophic mandible. Anchored overdentures in 2 to 4 small-diameter implants (2.9 mm) for edentulous patients with severe atrophy of the mandible with cortical bone would be a minimally invasive alternative.
Development of a Bicistronic Vector for the Expression of a CRISPR/Cas9-mCherry System in Fish Cell Lines
(2019) Sebastian Escobar Aguirre; Duxan Arancibia; Amanda Escorza; Cristián Bravo; María Estela Andrés; Pedro Zamorano; Víctor Martínez
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been widely used in animals as an efficient genome editing tool. In fish cells, the technique has been difficult to implement due to the lack of proper vectors that use active promoters to drive the expression of both small guide RNA (sgRNA) and the S. pyogenes Cas9 (spCas9) protein within a single expression platform. Until now, fish cells have been modified using co-transfection of the mRNA of both the sgRNA and the spCas9. In the present study, we describe the optimization of a new vector for the expression of a CRISPR/Cas9 system, designed to edit the genome of fish cell lines, that combines a gene reporter (mCherry), sgRNA, and spCas9 in a single vector, facilitating the study of the efficiency of piscine and non-piscine promoters. A cassette containing the zebrafish U6 RNA III polymerase (U6ZF) promoter was used for the expression of the sgRNA. The new plasmid displayed the expression of spCas9, mCherry, and sgRNA in CHSE/F fish cells. The results demonstrate the functionality of the mammalian promoter and the U6ZF promoter in fish cell lines. This is the first approach aimed at developing a unified genome editing system in fish cells using bicistronic vectors, thus creating a powerful biotechnological platform to study gene function
Characterization of LDLR rs5925 and PCSK9 rs505151 genetic variants frequencies in healthy subjects from northern Chile: Influence on plasma lipid levels
(2019) Claudio Rojas; Hugo Ramírez; Luis A. Salazar; Alexis M. Kalergis; Anita S. Gálvez; Jorge Escobar‐Vera
Background: Identification and characterization of genetic variants and their effects on human health may allow to establish relationships between genetic background and susceptibility to developing cardiovascular diseases. LDLR and PCSK9 polymorphisms have been associated with higher lipid levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate genotype distribution and relative allelic frequency of LDLR rs5925 (1959C > T) and PCSK9 rs505151 (23968 A > G) genetic variants and their effects on lipid levels of healthy subjects from northern Chile. Methods: A total of 178 healthy individuals were recruited for this study. The genotyping of rs5925 (LDLR) and rs505151 (PCSK9) polymorphisms was performed by PCR‐RFLP and qPCR, respectively. In addition, glucose and lipid levels were determined and associated with the genetic data. Results: Genotype distribution for LDLR rs5925 polymorphism was as follows: CC = 19%; CT = 53%; and TT = 28% (HWE: χ2 = 0.80; P = .37), and for PCSK9 rs505151 genetic variant was as follows: AA = 93%; AG = 7%; and GG = 0% (HWE: χ2 = 0.22; P = .64). The frequency of T (rs5925) and G (rs505151) mutated alleles was 0.55 and 0.03, respectively. Data showed that individuals carrying LDLR mutated allele (T) presented lower values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL‐cholesterol when compared to CC homozygous genotype (P < .05). Subgroup analysis revealed that women carrying the PCSK9 mutated allele (G) exhibited higher values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C when compared to male group carrying the same genotype (P<05). Conclusions: The effect of LDLR rs5925 and PCSK9 rs505151 gene polymorphisms on lipid levels is associated with gender among healthy subjects from northern Chile.
Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus sciuri Strain LCHXa, a Lithium-Tolerant Bacterium Isolated from Laguna Chaxa, Salar de Atacama, Chile.
(2019) Claudia Vilo; Camila Salazar Ardiles; Tamara N. Caimanque,; Qunfeng Dong; Nataly Flores; Alexandra Galetović; Jorge E. Araya; Benito Gómez Silva
A Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, novobiocin resistant, and lithiumtolerant bacterium was isolated from Salar de Atacama. Strain LCHXa is closely related to Staphylococcus sciuri. Its genome is 3,013,090 bp long and contains 2,551 predicted protein genes. We observed 58 genes associated with stress response and 17 genes linked to osmoregulation, mainly related to glycine betaine metabolism.
A Regenerative Endodontic Approach in Mature Ferret Teeth Using Rodent Preameloblast-conditioned Medium
(2019) CRISTINA BUCCHI; ÁLVARO GIMENO SANDIG; IVÁN VALDIVIA-GANDUR; CRISTINA MANZANARES CÉSPEDES; JOSEP MARIA DE ANTA
Regenerative endodontics, revitalization, mature teeth, ferrets, pulp regeneration
Contribution of Fcy Receptor-Mediated Immunity to the Pathogenesis Caused by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus
(2019) Orlando A. Acevedo; Fabián E. Díaz; Tomas E. Beals; Felipe M. Benavente; Jorge A. Soto Pablo A. González Alexis M. Kalergis; Jorge Escobar Vera; Pablo A. González; Alexis M. Kalergis
The human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) in humans at all ages and is the main cause of hospitalization due to pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis in infants. hRSV symptoms mainly develop due to an excessive host immune and inflammatory response in the respiratory tissue. hRSV infection during life is frequent and likely because of non-optimal immunological memory is developed against this virus. Vaccine development against this pathogen has been delayed after the detrimental effects produced in children by vaccination with a formalin-inactivated hRSV preparation (FI-hRSV), which caused enhanced disease upon natural viral infection. Since then, several studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying such disease exacerbation. Along these lines, several studies have suggested that antibodies elicited by immunization with FI-hRSV show low neutralizing capacity and promote the formation of immune complexes containing hRSV (hRSV-ICs), which contribute to hRSV pathogenesis through the engagement of Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) expressed on the surface of immune cells. Furthermore, a role for FcγRs is supported by studies evaluating the contribution of these molecules to hRSV-induced disease. These studies have shown that FcγRs can modulate viral clearance by the host and the inflammatory response triggered by hRSV infection. In addition, ICs can facilitate viral entry into host cells expressing FcγRs, thus extending hRSV infectivity. In this article, we discuss current knowledge relative to the contribution of hRSV-ICs and FcγRs to the pathogenesis caused by hRSV and their putative role in the exacerbation of the disease caused by this virus after FI-hRSV vaccination. A better understanding FcγRs involvement in the immune response against hRSV will contribute to the development of new prophylactic or therapeutic tools to promote virus clearance with limited inflammatory damage to the airways
Some physical characteristics of the O/W macroemulsion of oleoresin of astaxanthin obtained from biomass of Haematococcus pluvialis
(2019) Carolina Espinosa Álvarez; Carolina Jaime Matus; Pedro Cerezal Mezquita
Macroemulsions facilitate the solubilization, stability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of compounds with low solubility, as is the case of the emulsion developed from astaxanthin oleoresin (10%). In this study, some characteristics of the physical behavior of the macroemulsion with astaxanthin oleoresin that are in close relationship with stability were determined. One of them was the viscosity at 5, 10, 20 and 30°C. Another, corresponded to observing the size variation of the micelles, observed under the microscope for 8 days and finally, the color was determined in CIEL*a*b* system for 34 days. The results showed that the macroemulsion behaved like a shear thinning fluid up to 20°C, becoming a shear thickening fluid at 30° C. In addition, the macroemulsion presented stability in the color as time elapsed; observing some slight variations that may be due to flocculation and coalescence. Both affect the viscosity at low temperatures.
Explorar la Construcción de la Identidad Docente en Profesionales de la Salud: Diseño y Validación de Instrumento
(2019) Catherine, R. Jara; Cristina Mayor Ruiz
El objetivo de esta investigación es diseñar y validar un instrumento para explorar la construcción de la identidad docente en profesionales de la salud. El diseño del instrumento se estableció según dimensiones establecidas por el marco teórico. La validación del contenido se efectuó por juicio de expertos y de constructo con Alfa de Cronbach y Análisis factorial. La muestra la formaron 25 docentes de las Facultades de salud de la Universidad de Antofagasta y de la Universidad de Sevilla. En los resultados se obtuvo un cuestionario con cuatro dimensiones: Formación, Reflexión del proceso, Desempeño profesional y Elementos afectivos de la Identidad. Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach superior en todos los casos a 0,72 y un factor Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) entre 0,72 y 0,5. En conclusión, el instrumento presenta una adecuada validez de contenido y constructo, lo que permite utilizarlo en estudios relacionados con construcción de identidad docente.
Serine–Arginine Protein Kinase SRPK2 Modulates the Assembly of the Active Zone Sca olding Protein CAST1/ERC2
(2019) Duxan Arancibia; Matias Lira; Yocelin Cruz; Daniela P. Barrera; Carolina Montenegro Venegas; Juan A. Godoy; Craig C. Garner; Nibaldo C. Inestrosa; Eckart D. Gundelfinger; Pedro Zamorano; VivianaI.Torres
Neurons release neurotransmitters at a specialized region of the presynaptic membrane, the active zone (AZ), where a complex meshwork of proteins organizes the release apparatus. The formation of this proteinaceous cytomatrix at the AZ (CAZ) depends on precise homo- and hetero-oligomerizations of distinct CAZ proteins. The CAZ protein CAST1/ERC2 contains four coiled-coil (CC) domains that interact with other CAZ proteins, but also promote self-assembly, which is an essential step for its integration during AZ formation. The self-assembly and synaptic recruitmentoftheDrosophilaproteinBruchpilot(BRP),apartialhomologofCAST1/ERC2,ismodulated by the serine-arginine protein kinase (SRPK79D). Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the vertebrate SRPK2 regulates the self-assembly of CAST1/ERC2 in HEK293T, SH-SY5Y and HT-22 cells and the CC1 and CC4 domains are involved in this process. Moreover, the isoform SRPK2 forms a complex with CAST1/ERC2 when co-expressed in HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cells. More importantly, SRPK2 is present in brain synaptic fractions and synapses, suggesting that this protein kinase might control the level of self-aggregation of CAST1/ERC2 in synapses, and thereby modulate presynaptic assembly.
Immediate Small-Diameter Implants as Abutments for an Overdenture in the Edentulous Atrophic Mandible: Report of Immersion Endoscopic Bone in vivo, and Histologic Bone-Implant Evaluation After 6 Months of Function
(2019) Víctor Beltrán; Ricardo Lillo; Benjamín Weber; Iván Valdivia Gandur; María Cristina Manzanares Céspedes; Wilfried Engelke
The aim of this report was to endoscopically evaluate bone quality in vivo in the immediate installation of temporary small-diameter implants, and again after 6 months of function, through an attachments system for overdenture, in the atrophic mandible of a patient. We also histologically evaluated bone-implant interaction in these temporary small-diameter implants, once the success of the osseointegration of the submerged implants was guaranteed. A patient received a total of 6 implants in the atrophic mandible, two of which were immediately loaded with a provisional prosthesis, and four were left to heal in a submerged way. Further, an immersion endoscopic evaluation was performed during bone drilling, and this showed a compact bone structure with limited vascularization and predominantly cortical structure.This immediate loading protocol involving an overdenture retained by two small-diameter implants of 2.9 mm in the atrophic mandible proved to be successful after 6 months of loading. Clinical and histologic osseointegration was consistently achieved for both of the retrieved immediately loaded implants. This modality allows the patient to be restored with a stable, functional, and aesthetic prosthesis during the osseointegration period of submerged implants and soft-tissue healing, before the removal of the provisional implants. The histological evaluation of bone-implant contact found that the space between the implant threads closer to the surface was filled with woven bone and lamellar bone, but the tissue in contact with the cervical portion of the implants was compatible with cortical bone organization. Also, the newly formed bone has a regular cell distribution and characteristics of advanced maturation after 6 months of function in the atrophic mandible. Anchored overdentures in 2 to 4 small-diameter implants (2.9 mm) for edentulous patients with severe atrophy of the mandible with cortical bone would be a minimally invasive alternative.
Halophilic microbial community compositional shift after a rare rainfall in the Atacama Desert
(2019) Gherman Uritskiy; Samantha Getsin; Adam Munn; Benito Gomez Silva; Alfonso Davila; Brian Glass; James Taylor; Jocelyne DiRuggiero
Understanding the mechanisms underlying microbial resistance and resilience to perturbations is essential to predict the impact of climate change on Earth’s ecosystems. However, the resilience and adaptation mechanisms of microbial communities to natural perturbations remain relatively unexplored, particularly in extreme environments. The response of an extremophile community inhabiting halite (salt rocks) in the Atacama Desert to a catastrophic rainfall provided the opportunity to characterize and de-convolute the temporal response of a highly specialized community to a major disturbance. With shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the halite microbiome taxonomic composition and functional potential over a 4-year longitudinal study, uncovering the dynamics of the initial response and of the recovery of the community after a rainfall event. The observed changes can be recapitulated by two general modes of community shifts —a rapid Type 1 shift and a more gradual Type 2 adjustment. In the initial response, the community entered an unstable intermediate state after stochastic niche re-colonization, resulting in broad predicted protein adaptations to increased water availability. In contrast, during recovery, the community returned to its former functional potential by a gradual shift in abundances of the newly acquired taxa. The general characterization and proposed quantitation of these two modes of community response could potentially be applied to other ecosystems, providing a theoretical framework for prediction of taxonomic and functional flux following environmental changes.
The activation of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome is regulated by soluble adenyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway and required for human sperm capacitation
(2019) Héctor Zapata Carmona; Lina Barón; Lidia M.Zuñiga; Emilce Silvina Díaz; Milene Kong; Erma Z.Drobnis; Peter Sutovsky; Patricio Morales
Metagenomics of Atacama Lithobiontic Extremophile Life Unveils Highlights on Fungal Communities, Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes
(2019) Benito Gómez-Silva; Claudia Vilo-Muñoz; Alexandra Galetović; Qunfeng Dong; Hugo G. Castelán Sánchez; Yordanis Pérez Llano; María del Rayo Sánchez Carbente; Sonia Dávila Ramos; Nohemí Gabriela Cortés López; Liliana Martínez Ávila; Alan D. W. Dobson; Ramón Alberto Batista García
Halites, which are typically found in various Atacama locations, are evaporitic rocks that are considered as micro-scaled salterns. Both structural and functional metagenomic analyses of halite nodules were performed. Structural analyses indicated that the halite microbiota is mainly composed of NaCl-adapted microorganisms. In addition, halites appear to harbor a limited diversity of fungal families together with a biodiverse collection of protozoa. Functional analysis indicated that the halite microbiome possesses the capacity to make an extensive contribution to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles, but possess a limited capacity to fix nitrogen. The halite metagenome also contains a vast repertory of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZY) with glycosyl transferases being the most abundant class present, followed by glycosyl hydrolases (GH). Amylases were also present in high abundance, with GH also being identified. Thus, the halite microbiota is a potential useful source of novel enzymes that could have biotechnological applicability. This is the first metagenomic report of fungi and protozoa as endolithobionts of halite nodules, as well as the first attempt to describe the repertoire of CAZY in this community. In addition, we present a comprehensive functional metagenomic analysis of the metabolic capacities of the halite microbiota, providing evidence for the first time on the sulfur cycle in Atacama halites.
Stability of Lutein Obtained from Muriellopsis sp biomass and used as a natural colorant and antioxidant in a mayonnaise-like dressing sauce
(2019) Pedro Cerezal Mezquita; Juan Morales; Jenifer Palma; Maria Del Carmen Ruiz; Marjorie Jáuregui
Lutein is present in higher plants and algae. It may confer protection against the progression of chronic and eye diseases. Currently, lutein supplements are supplied to the world market in the form of capsules. We obtained a lutein oleoresin from the biomass of the microalgae Muriellopsis sp. This was added to a home-made mayonnaise. The samples were stored for three months at 5 ± 2°C. The lutein content was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant concentration was determined by the total polyphenol content (Folin-Ciocalteau) and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Pigment degradation followed a first-order kinetics, with k = 0.0068 days-1, and t½ = 102 days. The chromatic coordinates L*, a*, b* indicated high pigment stability in the matrix. These results indicate that, due to its high antioxidant capacity, lutein derived from the Muriellopsis sp could represent a potential substitute for pigments, such as β-carotene, in oily matrices.
Rapid Green Extractions of C-Phycocyanin from Arthrospira maxima for Functional Applications
(2019) Mari Carmen Ruiz Domínguez; Marjorie Jáuregui; Elena Medina; Carolina Jaime; Pedro Cerezal
Cyanobacteria are a rich source of bioactive compounds, mainly in the Arthospira sp., and one of the most interesting components in recent years has been C-phycocyanin (C-PC). There have been several conventional methods for their extraction, among which stand out: chemical products, freezing-thawing (FT); enzymatic, and maceration (M); which have come to be replaced by more environmentally friendly methods, such as those assisted by microwaves (MW) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The aim of the research was to use these two “green extraction processes” to obtain C-PC from cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima because they improve functionality and are fast. Extractions of C-PC were studied by means of two experimental designs for MW and HPH, based on a response surface methodology (RSM) employing, firstly, a factorial design 33: power (100, 200, and 300 W), time (15, 30, and 60 s), and types of solvents (distiller water, Na-phosphate buffer and, distiller water: Na-phosphate buffer (Ph 7.0; 1:1, v/v); and secondly, two factors with different levels: Pressure (800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 bar) and, types of solvents (distilled water, Na-phosphate bu er (pH 7.0) 100 mM and, Na-phosphate buffer:water 1:1, (v/v)). Optimum C-PC content was achieved with the HPH process under Na-phosphate solvent at 1400 bar (291.9 ± 6.7 mg/g) and the MW method showed improved results using distilled water as a solvent at 100 W for 30 s (215.0 ± 5.5 mg/g). In the case of conventional methods, the freeze–thawing procedure reached better results than maceration using the buffer (225.6 ± 2.6 mg/g). This last one also did not show a significant difference between solvents (a range of 147.7–162.0 mg/g). Finally, the main advantage of using green extractions are the high C-PC yield achieved, e ectively reducing both processing times, costs, and increasing the economic and functional applications of the bioactive compound.
Determining the Potential of Haematococcus pluvialis Oleoresin as a Rich Source of Antioxidants
(2019) Mari Carmen Ruiz Domínguez; Carolina Espinosa; Adrián Paredes; Jenifer Palma; Carolina Jaime; Carlos Vílchez; Pedro Cerezal
Haematococcus pluvialis is known to be a natural source of antioxidants for numerous applications. In this study, an oleoresin rich in carotenoids extracted by supercritical CO2 treatment of H. pluvialis was extensively characterized for its antioxidant capacity. Carotenoid content, fatty acid profile, total phenol content, antioxidant capacity, and viscosity of the oleoresin were determined with the aim of ascertaining the potential of the oleoresin in terms of its antioxidant content for food applications. The oleoresin contained 96.22 mg/g of total astaxanthin (which includes free astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters) and mostly included unsaturated fatty acids (~78% of total fatty acids). High total phenol content and ferric reducing antioxidant potential indicated high antioxidant capacity, but oxygen radical absorbance capacity was lower compared to the oleoresin samples obtained from other species. The oleoresin was a non-Newtonian fluid since it had shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) and shear-thickening (dilatant) flow. Therefore, the H. pluvialis oleoresin is a potential alternative in developing functional ingredients for designing healthy food products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has reported an extensive characterization of the antioxidant properties of a microalgal oleoresin obtained by means of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction.
Sinus Floor Augmentation by Intraoral Endoscopic Approach for Biomaterial Study in a Rabbit Model
(2019) Ivan ValdiviaGandur; Víctor Beltrán; Eduardo Borie; Wilson Astudillo Rozas; Oscar Aceiturno Antezana; Nicolas Ferrer Valdivia; Wilfried Engelke
To develop a new surgical model for sinus floor augmentation (SFA) in rabbit for experimental purposes. Materials and Methods: Eight adult rabbits were used, two for a surgical design using the anatomical dissection study, and the other six for an endoscopically assisted intraoral approach of SFA unilaterally, creating a subantral space where an allograft biomaterial was deposited. SFA was verified through cone-beam computerized tomography. Healing, weight, food, feces, and behavior were evaluated for 4 weeks post operatively. Results: All animals survived. There was no bleeding or infection; inflammation was mild. No changes were observed in terms of feeding, weight, feces, or behavior. Tissue healing was normal. Conclusion: This model is a refinement of the experimental technique and is a real option for SFA, without compromising animal morbidity because of its conservative design. The minimally invasive approach with endoscopic assistance reduces bias and improves surgical predictability. Sinus floor augmentation (SFA) is a useful technique for treating severe sinus pneumatization before the placement of dental implants. The singular anatomy and physiology of this anatomical site, in addition to the clinical importance that it has acquired, makes it ideal for investigating biomaterials, which has led to the proposal of various animal models including the rabbit (1-3).

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