Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación y el Movimiento Humano

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  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Melatonin relations with respiratory Quotient Weaken on acute exposure to high altitude
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2018) Tapia, Marcelo; Wulff-Zottele, Cristian; De Gregorio, Nicole; Lang, Moring; Varela, Héctor; Serón-Ferré, María Josefa; Vivaldi, Ennio A; Araneda, Oscar F.; Silva-Urra, Juan; Gunga, Hanss-Christian; Behn, Claus
    High altitude (HA) exposure may affect human health and performance by involving the body timing system. Daily variations of melatonin may disrupt by HA exposure, thereby possibly affecting its relations with a metabolic parameter like the respiratory quotient (RQ). Sea level (SL) volunteers (7 women and 7 men, 21.0 ± 2.04 y) were examined for daily changes in salivary melatonin concentration (SMC). Sampling was successively done at SL (Antofagasta, Chile) and, on acute HA exposure, at nearby Caspana (3,270 masl). Saliva was collected in special vials (Salimetrics Oral Swab, United Kingdom) at sunny noon (SMCD) and in the absence of blue light at midnight (SMCN). The samples were obtained after rinsing the mouth with tap water and were analyzed for SMC by immunoassay (ELISA kit; IBL International, Germany). RQ measurements (n = 12) were realized with a portable breath to breath metabolic system (OxiconTM Mobile, Germany), between 8:00 PM and 10:00 PM, once at either location. At SL, SMCD, and SMCN values (mean ± SD) were, respectively, 2.14 ± 1.30 and 11.6 ± 13.9 pg/ml (p < 0.05). Corresponding values at HA were 8.83 ± 12.6 and 13.7 ± 16.7 pg/ml (n.s.). RQ was 0.78 ± 0.07 and 0.89 ± 0.08, respectively, at SL and HA (p < 0.05). Differences between SMCN and SMCD (SMCN–SMCD) strongly correlate with the corresponding RQ values at SL (r = −0.74) and less tight at HA (r = −0.37). Similarly, mean daily SMC values (SMC¯ x) tightly correlate with RQ at SL (r = −0.79) and weaker at HA (r = −0.31). SMCN–SMCD, as well as, SMC¯ x values at SL, on the other hand, respectively, correlate with the corresponding values at HA (r = 0.71 and r = 0.85). Acute exposure to HA appears to loosen relations of SMC with RQ. A personal profile in daily SMC variation, on the other hand, tends to be conserved at HA.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Blood Pressure Response in Miners Exposed to Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Chile
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2021) Lang, Moring; Paéz, Valeria; Maj, Giacomo; Silva-Urra, Juan; Labarca-Valenzuela, Cristián; Caravita, Sergio; Faini, Andrea; Cantuarias, Javier; Perez, Oscar; Bilo, Grzegorz; Parati, Gianfranco
    Introduction: Limited information is available on blood pressure (BP) behavior in workers exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and even less is known regarding effects of CIH on 24-h ambulatory BP in those affected by arterial hypertension at sea level (SL). The aims of this study were to assess clinic and 24-h ambulatory BP at SL and at high altitude (HA; 3,870 m above SL) in workers exposed to CIH, and to compare BP response to HA exposure between normotensive and hypertensive workers. Methods: Nineteen normotensive and 18 pharmacologically treated hypertensive miners acclimatized to CIH were included, whose work was organized according to a "7 days-on-7 days-off" shift pattern between SL and HA. All measurements were performed on the second and seventh day of their HA shift and after the second day of SL sojourn. Results: Compared to SL, 24-h systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) increased at HA [+14.7 ± 12.6 mmHg (p < 0.001) and +8.7 ± 7.2 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively], and SBP nocturnal fall decreased consistently (-4.1 ± 9.8%; p < 0.05) in all participants, with hypertensives showing higher nocturnal DBP than normotensives (p < 0.05) despite the current therapy. Also, heart rate (HR) nocturnal fall tended to be reduced at HA. In addition, the 24-h SBP/DBP hypertension threshold of ≥130/80 mmHg was exceeded by 39% of workers at SL and by 89% at HA. Clinic HR, SBP, and DBP were significantly higher on the second day of work at HA compared with SL, the increase being more pronounced for SBP in hypertensives (p < 0.05) and accompanied by, on average, mild altitude sickness in both groups. These symptoms and the values of all cardiovascular variables decreased on the seventh day at HA (p < 0.05) regardless of CIH exposure duration. Conclusion: Long history of work at HA according to scheduled CIH did not prevent the occurrence of acute cardiovascular changes at HA during the first days of exposure. The BP response to HA tended to be more pronounced in hypertensive than in normotensive workers despite being already treated; the BP changes were more evident for 24-h ambulatory BP. Twenty-four-hour ABP monitoring is a useful tool for an appropriate evaluation of BP in CIH workers
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Exposure to musculoskeletal and psychosocial risks in SME workers, Antofagasta, Chile, 2021-2022
    (Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho, 2024) Solari Montenegro, Guido; Rivera Iratchet, Monserrat; Velasco Mur, Alejandra; Álvarez Andrade, Milena; Orellana Urra, Karin; Gómez Inostroza, Paola
    Introduction: In Chile, small and medium-sized enterprises employ approximately 5,000,000 workers, of whom only 10% are formally protected from accidents and occupational diseases, and there is little information on their exposure to occupational hazards and demographic characteristics. Objectives: To identify some occupational musculoskeletal and psychosocial risks and sociodemographic characteristics in small and medium-sized enterprises workers in the region of Antofagasta, Chile. Methods: Using a descriptive and exploratory design, their sociodemographic characteristics and the jobs of a sample of 273 workers were evaluated to determine the risks due to manual handling of loads, work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, and psychosocial factors. A sociodemographic survey, the technical guide of the Ministry of Labor, the technical standard and checklist of the Ministry of Health, and the Superintendencia de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud questionnaire of the Superintendency of Social Security were used. Results: Overall, 23% of workers presented normal body mass index, 11.7% were at risk for manual handling of loads, and 16.9% at risk for work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. The greatest prevalence of psychosocial risk was observed in the double presence dimension (46.89%). A relationship was only found between psychological demands and compensation dimensions and the job positions and between psychological demands and economic activity. Conclusions: Risk for manual handling of loads and work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders was found in mining service companies, in men with technical and blue-collar positions, and in those with high psychosocial risk in the double presence dimension. An association was identified between two psychosocial dimensions with the workers’ positions and the economic activity of their company.
  • Miniatura
    Ítem
    Políticas públicas y derecho a la sexualidad de las personas mayores en Chile
    (Medwave Estudios Limitada, 2024) Villasana López, Pedro Enrique; Abarca Castillo, María Mireya; Vargas Matamala, Martín Patricio
    Las personas mayores de 65 años constituirán la mayoría de la población mundial en corto plazo, pero en condiciones de vida precarias. Esto quiere decir que vivirán más años en peor condición de vulnerabilidad y fragilidad. Las sociedades y modelos de desarrollo no estarían preparados, generando altos costos personales, familiares y colectivos. En Chile la fragilidad sería altamente prevalente en esta población, impactando el desarrollo pleno de su vida. La sexualidad es uno de los aspectos que son invisibilizados y poco estudiados. Este trabajo realiza una aproximación crítica, a partir de la revisión y análisis de antecedentes de contexto, políticas públicas y legislación vigentes en Chile. En estos aspectos se evidencia atomización y orientación biomédica de las políticas públicas, colaborando en la comprensión de la relación fragilidad y sexualidad en personas mayores. Además, se revelan tareas de formación e investigación pendientes para la generación de políticas públicas para una vida activa y saludable.
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    Hypoxic peripheral chemoreflex stimulation- dependent cardiorespiratory coupling is decreased in swimmer athletes
    (John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2024) Andrade, David C.; Arce-Álvarez, Alexis; Salazar-Ardiles, Camila; Toledo, Camilo; Guerrero-Henriquez, Juan; Alvarez, Cristian; Vasquez-Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo, Mikel; Millet, Gregoire P.
    Swimmer athletes showed a decreased ventilatory response and reduced sympathetic activation during peripheral hypoxic chemoreflex stimulation. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that swimmers develop a diminished cardiorespiratory coupling due to their decreased hypoxic peripheral response. To resolve this hypothesis, we conducted a study using coherence time- varying analysis to assess the cardiorespiratory coupling in swimmer athletes. We recruited 12 trained swimmers and 12 control subjects for our research. We employed wavelet time- varying spectral coherence analysis to examine the relationship between the respiratory frequency (Rf) and the heart rate (HR) time series during normoxia and acute chemoreflex activation induced by five consecutive inhalations of 100% N2. Comparing swimmers to control subjects, we observed a significant reduction in the hypoxic ventilatory responses to N2 in swimmers (0.012 ± 0.001 vs. 0.015 ± 0.001 ΔVE/ΔVO2, and 0.365 ± 0.266 vs. 1.430 ± 0.961 ΔVE/ΔVCO2/ΔSpO2, both p < 0.001, swimmers vs. control, respectively). Furthermore, the coherence at the LF cutoff during hypoxia was significantly lower in swimmers compared to control subjects (20.118 ± 3.502 vs. 24.935 ± 3.832 area under curve [AUC], p < 0.012, respectively). Our findings strongly indicate that due to their diminished chemoreflex control, swimmers exhibited a substantial decrease in cardiorespiratory coupling during hypoxic stimulation.