Departamento de Terapia ocupacional y fonoaudiologia
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Ítem Translation of a story into Chilean Sign Language: productions by deaf co-teachers(2024) Gina Viviana Morales Acosta; Pamela Lattapiat NavarroIntroduction: The incorporation of narratives in Chilean Sign Language enriches classroom practices, preserving and transmitting Deaf culture. However, that within the Chilean educational context, the narratives used for instructing Deaf students are translations from written Spanish. This study aims to describe and analyze the narrative structure and the use of Highly Iconic Structures in these translations conducted by Deaf co-teachers into Chilean Sign Language. Method: The research adopts a qualitative approach and a descriptive case study design, involving two deaf teachers from an Inclusive Education Program in a school. The data analyzed focus on the video-recorded LSCh translations of the short story “The Greedy Squirrel”. Manual annotations were made on the corpus gloss transcription to first segment by narrative structure for description and then to identify the transfer operations. Results: The co-teachers make variations to the narrative structure of the translated text and incorporate specific visual-gestural elements such as the change of narrator to first person; the 45% of the translation is composed of transfer operations. Discussion: These findings suggest that the variations in structure and the new visual-gestural information provided by the co-teachers reflect their understanding and use of sign language narrative norms for translation. The use of transfer operations enhances the storytelling experience, although it cannot be conclusively stated how and why teachers decide to use them in translation. The results are limited, as they require comparison with other corpora on translations from written Spanish to LSCh and software-assisted analysis to standardize data, which implies further research on the topic. For now, it is essential that the time allocated to the preparation of educational materials in LSCh be more extensive and better planned.Ítem Exposure to musculoskeletal and psychosocial risks in SME workers, Antofagasta, Chile, 2021-2022(2024) Guido Solari Montenegro; Monserrat Rivera Iratchet; Alejandra Velasco Mur; Milena Álvarez Andrade; Karin Orellana Urra; Paola Gómez InostrozaIntroduction: In Chile, small and medium-sized enterprises employ approximately 5,000,000 workers, of whom only 10% are formally protected from accidents and occupational diseases, and there is little information on their exposure to occupational hazards and demographic characteristics. Objectives: To identify some occupational musculoskeletal and psychosocial risks and sociodemographic characteristics in small and medium-sized enterprises workers in the region of Antofagasta, Chile. Methods: Using a descriptive and exploratory design, their sociodemographic characteristics and the jobs of a sample of 273 workers were evaluated to determine the risks due to manual handling of loads, work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, and psychosocial factors. A sociodemographic survey, the technical guide of the Ministry of Labor, the technical standard and checklist of the Ministry of Health, and the Superintendencia de Seguridad Social/Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud questionnaire of the Superintendency of Social Security were used. Results: Overall, 23% of workers presented normal body mass index, 11.7% were at risk for manual handling of loads, and 16.9% at risk for work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. The greatest prevalence of psychosocial risk was observed in the double presence dimension (46.89%). A relationship was only found between psychological demands and compensation dimensions and the job positions and between psychological demands and economic activity. Conclusions: Risk for manual handling of loads and work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders was found in mining service companies, in men with technical and blue-collar positions, and in those with high psychosocial risk in the double presence dimension. An association was identified between two psychosocial dimensions with the workers’ positions and the economic activity of their company.