Plyometric jump training effects on the physical fitness of individual-sport athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis
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2021
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Background: The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review with
meta-analysis to explore the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on the physical
fitness of individual sport athletes (ISA).
Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and
Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched through PubMed, Web of Science, and
SCOPUS electronic databases. We included controlled studies that incorporated a
PJT intervention among ISA (with no restriction for age or sex), that included a
pre-to-post intervention assessment of physical fitness (e.g., sprint; jump). From the
included studies, relevant data (e.g., PJT and participants characteristics) was
extracted. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the
PEDro scale. Using a random-effects model, meta-analyses for a given outcome was
conducted. Means and standard deviations for a measure of pre-post-intervention
physical fitness from the PJT and control groups were converted to Hedges’ g effect
size (ES). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The risk of bias was
explored using the extended Egger’s test. The statistical significance threshold was set
at p < 0.05. Moderator analyses were conducted according to the sex, age and sport
background of the athletes.
Results: Twenty-six studies of moderate-high methodological quality were included
(total participants, n = 667). Compared to controls, PJT improved vertical jump
(ES = 0.49; p < 0.001; I = 0.0%), linear sprint (ES = 0.23; p = 0.032; I2 = 10.9%),
maximal strength (ES = 0.50; p < 0.001; I2 = 0.0%) and endurance performance
(ES = 0.30; p = 0.028; I2 = 11.1%). No significant effect was noted for sprint with
change of direction (ES = 0.34; p = 0.205; I2 = 70.9%). Athlete’s sex, age and sport
background had no modulator role on the effect of PJT on vertical jump, linear
sprint, maximal strength and endurance performance. Among the included studies,
none reported adverse effects related to the PJT intervention.
Conclusions: PJT induces small improvements on ISA physical fitness, including
jumping, sprinting speed, strength and endurance.