Sulfate Nutrition Modulates the Oxidative Response against Short-Term Al3+-Toxicity Stress in Lolium perenne cv. Jumbo Shoot Tissues
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2024
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Al3+-toxicity in acidic soils is among the main abiotic stress factors that generate adverse
effects in plant growth; in leaves, it affects several physiological parameters such as photosynthesis
and ROS balance, leading to limited crop production. On the other hand, sulfur is a macronutrient
that has a key role against oxidative stress and improves plant growth in acidic soils; however,
the implication of sulfate nutritional status in the modulation of short-term Al3+-toxicity tolerance
mechanisms in plant leaves are barely reported. This study is focused on the role of sulfate on
the leaf response of an Al3-sensitive perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Jumbo) after 48 h of
exposure. Lolium perenne cv. Jumbo seeds were cultivated in hydroponic conditions with modified
Taylor Foy solutions supplemented with 120, 240, and 360 μM sulfate in the presence or absence
of Al3+-toxicity. The L. perenne cv. Jumbo leaves were collected after 48 h of Al3+-toxicity exposure
and processed to evaluate the effects of sulfate on Al3+ toxicity, measuring total proteins, mineral
uptake, photosynthesis modulation, and ROS defense mechanism activation. The plants exposed to
Al3+-toxicity and cultivated with a 240 μM sulfate amendment showed a recovery of total proteins
and Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration levels and a reduction in TBARS, along with no changes in the
chlorophyll A/B ratio, gene expression of proteins related to photosynthesis (Rubisco, ChlAbp, and
Fered), or ROS defense mechanism (SOD, APX, GR, and CAT) as compared with their respective
controls and the other sulfate conditions (120 and 360 μM). The present study demonstrates that
adequate sulfate amendments have a key role in regulating the physiological response against the
stress caused by Al3+ toxicity.