Role of human herpesvirus homologs of infected cell protein 27 (ICP27) in the biogenesis, processing, and maturation of mRNAs
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2025
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American Society for Microbiology
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Herpesviruses are enveloped viruses with large double-stranded DNAgenomes that are highly prevalent in the human population and elicit numeroustypes of clinical manifestations, from mild to severe. These viruses are classified intothree subfamilies: alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesvirinae, all capable of establishinglife-long persistent infections in the host. As strict intracellular parasites, these viruseshave evolved molecular determinants to support and modulate viral and host genetranscription processes during infection and the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs)to synthesize proteins that participate in cellular pathways promoting their replicationcycles and virion formation. Notably, some of these proteins have functional RNA-binding domains consisting of arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) amino acid (aa) sequencesthat, when methylated, regulate their nucleic acid-binding capacities and can influencethe export of mRNAs lacking introns from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Additionaldomains and motifs in these proteins mediate their interactions with regulatory proteinsrelated to RNA splicing, either promoting or repressing mRNA processing. Notably, allhuman herpesviruses (HHVs) encode in their genomes proteins that share homologywith infected cell protein 27 (ICP27) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which cansignificantly impact the biogenesis of mRNAs and their processing during infection. Here,we review and discuss the roles of ICP27 and the corresponding homologs encoded indifferent human herpesviruses, focusing on their similarities and differences in structureand function. A more profound knowledge of the role of key viral factors requiredfor effective herpesvirus replication could aid in the design and identification of novelantivirals to treat the diseases produced by these viruses.
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RNA transcription, RNA modification, mRNA export, mRNA translation, human herpesviruse