Simultaneous Osseo- and Odontointegration of Titanium Implants: Description of Two Cases in Human and Animal Models and Review of Their Experimental and Clinical Implications
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2024
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Two cases of calcified bone and dental tissue integration with titanium implants are
presented, along with a review of the literature on their experimental and clinical implications. First,
histological analyses of a titanium implant extracted from a patient with iimplant disease revealed the
integration of both dental and bone tissue on the implant’s surface. Secondly, a biocompatibility study
in an animal model documented two implants in contact with tooth roots. Samples from both animal
and human models demonstrated simultaneous osseointegration and dental tissue neoformation,
with the latter attributed to the activity of cementoblasts. The literature review confirms the formation
of cementum around dental implants in contact with teeth. Certain clinical reports have proposed the
insertion of implants into bone sites containing impacted teeth as a conservative treatment alternative,
avoiding the need for tooth extraction surgery and demonstrating the successful integration of teeth,
bone, and dental implants. Furthermore, the documented natural formation of periodontal tissues
around dental implants provided a foundation for tissue engineering studies aimed at realizing
implant–bone relationships similar to those of natural bone–tooth structures. The primary challenges
remain the long-term preservation of periodontal-like tissue formed on implants and the imparting
of functional proprioceptive properties.