Baroreflex and chemoreflex interaction in high-altitude exposure: possible role on exercise performance
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2024
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The hypoxic chemoreflex and the arterial baroreflex are implicated in the
ventilatory response to exercise. It is well known that long-term exercise
training increases parasympathetic and decreases sympathetic tone, both
processes influenced by the arterial baroreflex and hypoxic chemoreflex
function. Hypobaric hypoxia (i.e., high altitude [HA]) markedly reduces exercise
capacity associated with autonomic reflexes. Indeed, a reduced exercise capacity
has been found, paralleled by a baroreflex-related parasympathetic withdrawal
and a pronounced chemoreflex potentiation. Additionally, it is well known that
the baroreflex and chemoreflex interact, and during activation by hypoxia, the
chemoreflex is predominant over the baroreflex. Thus, the baroreflex function
impairment may likely facilitate the exercise deterioration through the reduction
of parasympathetic tone following acute HA exposure, secondary to the
chemoreflex activation. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to describe
the main physiological mechanisms controlling baro- and chemoreflex function
and their role in exercise capacity during HA exposure.