Facultad de Medicina y Odontología

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Ambiente educacional de los estudiantes de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta durante el periodo de pandemia por COVID-19
(2021) Francisco Rojas Vilches; Irma Rosales Miranda; Andrés Briceño Ramos; Catalina Donoso Rodríguez
Se analizó el Ambiente Educacional (AE) de los estudiantes de carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19, a través de un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, utiliza como instrumento el cuestionario DREEM en la población de estudiantes de 1ro a 6to año desde marzo a mayo del año 2021. Se utilizó el software Stata versión 16 para el análisis estadístico con un intervalo de confianza de un 95%. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 115 estudiantes. Se obtuvo una valorización positiva del ambiente educacional con una media general del puntaje DREMM de 106.74 ±10.04 (de un máximo de 200) siendo 5to año el curso con la valorización más negativa con 99 ± 13.63 puntos. De los 5 dominios evaluados con este instrumento, la percepción de los profesores registró las diferencias significativas más relevantes con valores p menores a 0.05 asociadas a percepciones negativas entre los estudiantes. Fue posible detectar un ambiente educacional positivo en el periodo de marzo a mayo del año 2021, no obstante, posiblemente existen otros factores no analizados a través del instrumento DREEM que podrían estar influyendo en los resultados
ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL INDICATORS OF TELEDENTISTRY MANAGEMENT FOR THE ELDERLY POPULATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN CHILE
(2022) Patricio Ly; Alfredo von Marttens; Andrés Ly; Juan Fonseca; Víctor Beltrán
Objective: To analyze clinical indicators of teledentistry management for the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Material and Methods: A pilot teledentistry project was developed for dental care of the elderly in 5 regions of Chile. The data obtained were recorded on the TEGO Platform to be subsequently selected and analyzed by the researchers in terms of clinical management indicators: degree of installed occupancy, degree of available occupation, degree of real occupation, interconsultation indicator per patient attended, urgencies according to reason for consultations, unpostponable prosthetic treatment according to reason for consultations, prevention in relation to granted benefits, prevention in relation to the patients cared for, and project absenteeism indicator. Results: The clinical management indicators obtained were as follows: The average degree of installed occupancy was 67%. The average degree of available occupancy was 78%, which accounts for the clinical time in which there are dental chairs and dentists willing to work. The average real occupancy degree was 86%. The average interconsultation indicator per patient observed was 25%. The indicator of urgencies according to the reason for the consultation was 95%, which indicates that the purpose of the study was fulfilled. The average unpostponable prosthetic treatment according to the reason for consultations was 5%. The prevention in relation to granted benefits reached 39%. Finally, the average indicator of absenteeism was 17%. Conclusion: The measurement of clinical management indicators contributes to meet the Chilean Ministry of Health Explicit Health Guarantees (GES), which are: Access, Timely Attention, Quality and Financial Protection.
Asociación entre el triángulo hioideo negativo y la respiración oral
(2020) Daniela Flores Toro; Joel Bravo Bown
Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre la presencia del triángulo hioideo negativo y la respiración oral. Métodos. Se analizó un total de 100 telerradiografías de perfil, 50 de pacientes con respiración nasal y 50 con respiración oral, 70% de pacientes de sexo femenino y 30% masculino. El 59% correspondió a pacientes de entre 20 a 30 años de edad, el 21% de entre 10-20 años, el 15% de entre 30-40 años y el 5% de entre 40-50 años. Los criterios de inclusión fueron fichas clínicas de pacientes que posean telerradiografías de perfil con registro del tipo de respiración (oral o nasal). Los criterios de exclusión fueron fichas clínicas de pacientes con telerradiografía en formato digital, con errores de posicionamiento o dañadas o de sujetos con síndromes genéticos, sin tratamiento de ortodoncia/ ortopedia previos. Se realizó trazado cefalométrico manual (técnica de Rocabado). Se aplicó análisis estadístico descriptivo y prueba estadística Chi2 de Pearson a través de tablas de contingencia. Resultados. Se detectó que existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001) entre la presencia de un triángulo hioideo negativo y la respiración oral, siendo los pacientes de sexo femenino (p < 0,001) y de 10 a 20 años de edad los que la presentaron con mayor frecuencia (81%). Conclusiones. En la población de estudio analizada existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de triángulo hioideo negativo y la respiración oral, lo que parece estar relacionado con el sexo y la edad.
BIOETHICS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN DENTISTRY
(2024) Francisco Rojas; Valentina Fajreldin; Jaime González; Martha Arias; Romina Presle
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Oral Cavity Infection: A Case Report Considering Therapeutic Approach and its Morphofunctional Implications
(2023) Cecilia Calderón; Manuel Loo; Fernando Bozán; Carlos Humeres; Alexa Pavez; Iván Valdivia Gandur; Wilson Astudillo Rozas
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare complication of oral cavity infection with high morbi-mortality. Given its low prevalence, adequately reporting cases of NF, its therapeutic management, and associated morphofunctional modifications to the clinical and scientific community is pivotal. To that end, we herein describe a case of cervical NF in a 60-year-old patient with comorbidities and patient presented large, painful cervical swelling associated with a necrotic ulcer lesion in the anterior neck region. Intraoral examination indicated a periodontal abscess in the right mandibular area, while computed tomography indicated the lesion’s extension from the right mandibular to the submandibular region. Following empirical intravenous antibiotic treatment, a broad surgical debridement was performed, and the foci of oral infection were removed. Debridement revealed communication between deep and superficial anatomical regions in the submandibular area, where we subsequently placed a Penrose drain. Biopsies showing acute inflammatory infiltrate associated with necrotic and hemorrhagic regions confirmed the diagnosis of NF. When an antibiogram revealed resistance to the empirical treatment, the antibiotic scheme was replaced with an adequate alternative. After a second debridement, we closed the defect with fascio-mucocutaneous advancement flaps with a lateral base while maintaining suction drainage. Having reacted positively, the patient was discharged 10 days after the operation. Despite an extensive morphofunctional change generated in the treated area, the patient showed no difficulties with breathing, phonation, swallowing, or mobilizing the area during control sessions. Altogether, this report contributes to the highly limited literature describing morphological aspects that can facilitate or delay the spread of infection or the morphofunctional disorders associated with the size and depth of surgical interventions for cervical NF, information that is relevant for the comprehensive, long-term prognosis of the treatment of NF.
Clinical effects of probiotic or azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planning in the treatment of stage III periodontitis: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial
(2021) Alicia Morales; Rafael Contador; Joel Bravo; Paola Carvajal; Nora Silva; Franz-Josef Strauss; Jorge Gamonal
Background: The aim of this triple-blind placebo-controlled parallel-arm randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 or azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with stage III periodontitis. Methods: Forty-seven systemically healthy participants with stage III periodontitis were recruited. Following SRP, the participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment modalities; (1) placebo (n = 15), (2) probiotics (n = 16) and (3) antibiotics-azithromycin (n = 16). The participants were monitored at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after therapy. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and plaque accumulation (PI) were evaluated. Results: All 47 participants completed the study. At 12 months, all groups showed significant improvements of PPD and PI (p < 0.012) irrespective of the treatment modality and without significant differences between the groups. Probiotics and azithromycin showed no added benefit in terms of CAL. While the placebo (p = 0.002) and the antibioticazithromycin (p = 0.002) group showed a significant reduction of BOP, only the placebo group revealed a significant reduction of CAL at 12 months follow-up (p = 0.003). The number of sites and teeth with PPD ≥ 5, ≥ 6 and ≥ 7 mm were significantly reduced in all groups at 12 months follow-up (p < 0.025) irrespective of the treatment regime and without significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The use of probiotics or azithromycin as an adjunct to SRP failed to provide additional benefits in the treatment of stage III periodontitis. The benefits of these two treatment regimes as an adjunct to SRP remain unclear.
Comparison of Total Anaerobic Microbiota in Periodontitis Before and After the Subgingival Irrigation with Chlorhexidine at 0.12 %
(2019) Lorena Mejías; Diego Iriarte; Rodolfo Sanchez; Iván Neira; Joel Bravo
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto de la irrigaci n subgingival de la clorhexidina 0,12 % sobre la microbiota anaer bica total. Se tomaron muestras microbiol gicas a 30 sujetos con periodontitis estadio II grado B, en sacos periodontales con una profundidad de sondaje > 4 mm. Se realizó la irrigación subgingival con 5 mL. de clorhexidina en el grupo test y con 5 mL. de agua destilada en el grupo control. 24 horas después del procedimiento se obtuvo una segunda muestra a comparar. Se detectó que la irrigación subgingival con clorhexidina al 0,12 % logra disminuir en forma estadísticamente significativa la microbiota anaeróbica total (p< 0,05).
Complications post simple exodontia: A systematic review
(2022) Víctor Herrera Barraza; Sofía Arroyo Larrondo; Melissa Fernández-Córdova; Daniela Catricura Cerna; Constanza Garrido Urrutia; Nicolás Ferrer Valdivia
Exodontia procedures are not without complications, which are the dentist’s responsibility to avoid by taking into account clinical, imaging, systemic, and operative factors, among others. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine and analyze the prevalence of complications post simple exodontia (CPES). The method used in this systematic review was adapted from the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA statement. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect using the search terms “Exodontia” AND “Complications”. The search was conducted from the starting coverage date to January 31, 2020. The inclusion criteria were studies on simple exodontia, studies on CPES prevalence and human studies. Studies on complications after third molar exodontia, generalities in exodontia, narratives and systematics literature reviews, book chapters, and animal studies were excluded. A total of 1,446 articles were found in the first search using the search strategy (725 in PubMed, 96 in Scopus and 631 in ScienceDirect). After duplicates were removed, 948 articles were obtained. After reading the title and abstract, 9 articles were read in full. Finally, 3 articles were included in the review, with the most common complications being trismus, alveolitis, pain, dehiscence, infections, and retained roots. Trismus of the chewing muscles, alveolitis and retained roots were the most prevalent CPES, which were most likely related to the surgeon’s experience, surgery duration and tissue trauma during surgery.
Cóndilo mandibular bífido bilateral. Reporte de un caso
(2024) Nicolás Francisco Ferrer Valdivia; Víctor Herrera-Barraza; Arturo Besa
El cóndilo mandibular bífido es una alteración morfológica de la articulación temporomandibular en la que el cóndilo presenta un surco en la superficie superior que genera dos cabezas condilares. Esta alteración puede ser unilateral o bilateral. La mayoría de los cóndilos mandibulares bífidos se detectan mediante radiografías panorámicas, sin embargo, la tomografía computarizada Cone Beam de articulación temporomandibular es considerado el examen de elección para el diagnóstico de esta alteración. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un caso de cóndilo mandibular bífido bilateral detectado incidentalmente mediante una tomografía computarizada Cone Beam solicitada por un diagnóstico presuntivo de osteoartritis.
Facial paralysis after intraoral anesthetic injection: A systematic review
(2022) Nicolás Ferrer-Valdivia; Melissa Fernández-Córdova; Víctor Herrera-Barraza; Jorge Araya
Many complications can occur after the injection of local intraoral anesthetics (ILIA) before dental intervention. Facial paralysis (FP) is one of these complications. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the association between ILIA and FP. A systematic review was carried out taking into account the methodology of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA statement. The search strategy used “Palsy AND Facial” and “Paralysis AND Facial” as search terms. The ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched using the “dentistry journal” filter. The inclusion criteria included studies describing FP after or during ILIA that were published in dental journals. The CAse REports (CARE) checklist was applied in evaluating the methodological quality of case reports. A total of 2,462 articles (algorithm) were identified. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 18 articles were deemed relevant taking into account the objectives of this study. Only 13 of them, after reading the full text, met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Case reports on 18 cases of FP were analyzed, 12 of which described the early development of FP (onset within 24 h) and 6 the late development (onset after 24 h). Acceptable compliance with CARE guidelines was observed in the included studies . Early FP CRs presented the effect of the administered anesthetic on the facial nerve, and the vascular effect of the vasoconstrictor included in the anesthetic formula, while more recent FP CRs focused on the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
Hiperplasia Adenomatoide en Reborde Alveolar Maxilar: Una Presentación Inusual
(2022) Richard Ahumada Ossandón; Ricardo Clavería Jiménez
La hiperplasia adenomatoide (HA) se considera una patología no neoplásica de etiología desconocida asociada principalmente a trauma como principal factor causal, con localización frecuente en paladar duro y blando. El presente caso muestra el primer caso de HA en reborde alveolar asociado a prótesis removible mal adaptada. Hombre de 81 años con diabetes mellitus y HTA controlada presentaba un aumento de volumen nodular en reborde alveolar maxilar del color de la mucosa, de consistencia firme y márgenes definidos que medía 1,5 x 0,7 cm de diámetro, asintomático y asociada a falta de diente 1.3 protésico reportando 6 años de evolución. Se realizó biopsia excisional y estudio histopatológico con hiperplasia de acinos glandulares. El 80 % de los casos se observa en paladar seguida de la mucosa oral, lengua y zona retromolar, pero sin reportes en encía o reborde alveolar. El factor causal mayormente asociado es el trauma crónico principalmente asociado a prótesis mal adaptadas, aunque existen estudios de un cromosoma aberrante con un rol desconocido tanto en su patogénesis como en su posible potencial maligno. En el caso actual, la lesión se asocia fuertemente a prótesis removible mal adaptada sugiriendo una lesión de aspecto reactivo. Por lo tanto, la HA se debe incluir como diagnóstico diferencial tanto a nivel palatino como en otras localizaciones incluyendo reborde alveolar. Además, se debe considerar cuando existe un factor etiológico traumatico como prótesis removibles mal adaptadas, siendo necesario su confirmación mediante estudio histopatológico especialmente por su similitud con otras patologías.
How dental students’ course experiences and satisfaction of their basic psychological needs influence passion for studying in Chile
(2019) Cesar Orisini; Jorge Tricio; Doris Tapia; Cristina Segura
Purpose: This study aimed to determine how the general course experiences of dental students in Chile and the satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs influenced their passion for studying, and how passion influenced students’ study strategies. Methods: A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 Chilean dental schools between April and June 2018, in which 935 undergraduate students participated. Students responded to Spanish-language versions of 4 psychological scale tools: the Course Experience Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfac¬tion and Frustration Scale, the Passion Scale, and the Revised Study Process Questionnaire. Data were analysed with bivariate correlations and structural equation modelling, controlling for age, gender, year of study, and type of university. Results: Students’ general course experiences (i.e., good teaching, clear goals and standards, appropriate assessment, and appropriate workload) positively predicted basic need satisfaction and negatively predicted need frustration. Need satisfaction positively predicted passion in students, with stronger scores for harmonious passion. Basic need frustration positively predicted obsessive passion and negatively predicted harmonious passion. Harmonious passion positively predicted deep study strategies and negatively predicted surface study strategies, while obsessive passion positively predicted both deep and surface study strategies. Conclusion: Dental students’ optimal course experiences positively influenced the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, which favoured harmonious over obsessive passion. In turn, harmonious over obsessive passion positively influenced deep study strategies. Therefore, efforts should be made to provide course experiences that support students’ basic needs and harmonious passion for studying, both in classroom and chair-side teaching.
Immediate Small-Diameter Implants as Abutments for an Overdenture in the Edentulous Atrophic Mandible: Report of Immersion Endoscopic Bone in vivo, and Histologic Bone-Implant Evaluation After 6 Months of Function
(2019) Víctor Beltrán; Ricardo Lillo; Benjamín Weber; Iván Valdivia Gandur; María Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes; Wilfried Engelke
The aim of this report was to endoscopically evaluate bone quality in vivo in the immediate installation of temporary small-diameter implants, and again after 6 months of function, through an attachments system for overdenture, in the atrophic mandible of a patient. We also histologically evaluated bone-implant interaction in these temporary small-diameter implants, once the success of the osseointegration of the submerged implants was guaranteed. A patient received a total of 6 implants in the atrophic mandible, two of which were immediately loaded with a provisional prosthesis, and four were left to heal in a submerged way. Further, an immersion endoscopic evaluation was performed during bone drilling, and this showed a compact bone structure with limited vascularization and predominantly cortical structure.This immediate loading protocol involving an overdenture retained by two small-diameter implants of 2.9 mm in the atrophic mandible proved to be successful after 6 months of loading. Clinical and histologic osseointegration was consistently achieved for both of the retrieved immediately loaded implants. This modality allows the patient to be restored with a stable, functional, and aesthetic prosthesis during the osseointegration period of submerged implants and soft-tissue healing, before the removal of the provisional implants. The histological evaluation of bone-implant contact found that the space between the implant threads closer to the surface was filled with woven bone and lamellar bone, but the tissue in contact with the cervical portion of the implants was compatible with cortical bone organization. Also, the newly formed bone has a regular cell distribution and characteristics of advanced maturation after 6 months of function in the atrophic mandible. Anchored overdentures in 2 to 4 small-diameter implants (2.9 mm) for edentulous patients with severe atrophy of the mandible with cortical bone would be a minimally invasive alternative.
Implants infections, a current challenge for medicine and dentistry.
(2020) Daniel Betancur; Camilo Ulloa; Alejandra Chaparro; Bernando Venegas; Iván Valdivia Gandur; Victor Beltrán.
Manejo inicial de las emergencias médicas en la práctica odontológica. Una revisión de la literatura
(2024) Javiera Tahia Morales Romero; Víctor Andrés Herrera-Barraza; Nicolás Francisco Ferrer-Valdivia
Las emergencias médicas durante la consulta odontológica son eventos críticos e inesperados que comprometen la salud e integridad del paciente en el box dental. Según la literatura el 57% de los cirujanos dentistas se han enfrentado al menos a 3 eventos por año y un 36% a más de 10 eventos, estos altos valores constituyen una problemática. El conocimiento sobre soporte vital básico y la actualización de conocimientos en forma constante es de sustancial importancia en el diagnóstico, abordaje y manejo de cada emergencia. Para el manejo, se debe contar con insumos, instrumental y fármacos necesarios en el box dental. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir y detallar las emergencias más frecuentes, factores predisponentes, signos, síntomas, manejo inicial y tratamiento. Además, se mencionan los elementos que deberían estar presentes en un consultorio odontológico para brindar una atención primaria eficiente en estas emergencias
Metodología de aula invertida en educación remota de emergencia para estudiantes de Odontología. Antofagasta, Chile
(2024) Constanza Garrido Urrutia; Francisco Rojas Vilches; Enzo Raiqueo Vaccaro
Fundamento: en 2021 y producto de la pandemia por COVID-19, el curso de Promoción de la Salud, en la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta, se realizó en modalidad remota de emergencia. El aula invertida se presentó como una estrategia metodológica útil para dar continuidad a los procesos enseñanza aprendizaje en este contexto. Objetivo: analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta respecto a la metodología de aula invertida aplicada al curso de Promoción de la Salud durante la pandemia. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo transversal, en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta que participaron en el curso Promoción de la Salud en 2021 (N=60). Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia y se invitó a participar a los estudiantes. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: la medición con un cuestionario estructurado; estadísticos: análisis descriptivo, se analizaron diferencias significativas según sexo con la prueba t de Student, con un p valor <0,05. Resultados: existió un 65 % de participación (n=39), la mayoría manifestó una percepción favorable hacia la metodología. Reportaron mejora en la comprensión de los contenidos, la participación, comunicación e interacción del estudiante con los profesores. Además de un mayor grado de autonomía y autorregulación de los alumnos. Conclusiones: el aula invertida en educación remota de emergencia fue percibida favorablemente, dio respuesta a los desafíos y necesidades didácticas que se enfrentaron durante la pandemia. DeSC: facultades de Odontología; aprendizaje; infecciones por coronavirus; educación a distancia; e-accesibilidad; educación médica.
Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Crown Lengthening: A Piezoelectric Assisted Case Series with 4-Year Follow-Up
(2022) Andrés Gómez Morales; Renzo Caselli Morgado; Rodrigo Florio Mogollones; Ricardo Clavería Jiménez; Paola Bezama Benguria
Aim: This retrospective study aims to reveal the clinical outcome at 48 months of a minimally invasive crown lengthening technique performing an intrasurcular flapless osteotomy, using a piezoelectric tip designed for this purpose. Material and Methods: All subjects in the current case series required esthetic crown lengthening procedures in the anterior esthetic zone of the maxilla. Prosthetic planning was carried out, which included a digital waxup of the ideal tooth morphology, which allowed constructing a surgical guide to transfer the proposed gingival margins to the patient. Gingivectomy was performed by using an electrosurgery system Perfect TCS IITM (Coltene Whaledent) and osteotomy by using a piezoelectric insert PiezoSmileTM (BROK) until achieving a bone crestgingival margin distance similar to the presurgical. Results: 57 patients were followed postoperatively for 48 months. During the post-operative period, healing, complications, periodontal and aesthetic health parameters including the position of the gingival margin were observed. WES, PES and RES indexes showed an optimal integration with the restorative materials and a good aesthetic result. Conclusion: Minimally invasive crown lengthening technique with electrosurgery and a piezoelectric insert is effective in repositioning the gingival margin in a stable and predictable manner within a 48 months follow-up.
Moderate and Severe Dental Fluorosis in the Rural Population of Anantapur, India: Change in Their Biological Susceptibility?
(2022) Trina Mylena García Escobar; Iván Valdivia Gandur; Wilson Astudillo Rozas; Oscar Aceituno-Antezana; Balasubbaiah Yamadala; Vicente Lozano de Luaces; Eduardo Chimenos Küstner; María Cristina Manzanares Céspedes
Dental fluorosis affects the quality of life. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a community affected by endemic fluorosis for several generations with a conserved biological and social environment. The study included patients from the rural population of Anantapur, India. The Dean index (DI) and the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) were used for fluorosis classification. Additionally, water samples were collected for fluoride analysis, taken from the patients’ living areas. The statistical association between the variables was analyzed. In total, 785 patients between 10 and 60 years old were included in the study (58.7% women and 41.3% men). Fluorosis signs were found in 94.6% of patients examined using the DI and 94.4% using the TFI. Moderate–severe dental fluorosis was observed in 62.8% by DI and 73.1% by TFI consuming untreated water with up to 2.9 ppm of fluoride. Furthermore, moderate–severe dental fluorosis was observed in 33.2% by DI and 39.9% by TFI consuming water with 1.5 ppm of fluoride. The high prevalence of moderate–severe dental fluorosis in patients consuming water with a low fluoride concentration suggests that other factors are involved. Biological susceptibility change could play an essential role in the severity of dental fluorosis in populations exposed for several generations, affecting its actual and future quality of life.
Observational cross-sectional study of Trichomonas tenax in patients with periodontal disease attending a Chilean university dental clinic
(2019) Casandra Bracamonte Wolf; Patricio R. Orrego; Christian Muñoz; Daniel Herrera; Joel Bravo; Jorge Gonzalez; Héctor Varela; Alejandro Catalán; Jorge E. Araya
Background: The oral flagellated protozoan Trichomonas tenax has been associated with patients with periodontal disease. However, no recent studies have been conducted on the prevalence of T. tenax in Chile. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of T. tenax in patients with periodontal disease, admitted to the Dental Clinic of the University of Antofagasta, Chile, through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the beta-tubulin gene. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with periodontal disease, 20 of them with gingivitis and 30 with periodontitis. T. tenax was identified by PCR amplification of the beta-tubulin gene. Associations between the protozoan and periodontal disease or the presence of risk factors to establish T. tenax infection were determined using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: T. tenax was present in 28 out of 50 (56%) of patients with periodontal disease, and was more prevalent when associated with periodontitis (21 out of 30; 70%) than dental plaque-induced gingivitis (7 out of 20; 35%). Non-statistically-significant associations were observed between the presence of T. tenax and age, gender, smoking habit or diabetes. Statistically significant associations were observed between the presence of T. tenax and periodontal disease, and between T. tenax and the Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index. Conclusion: T. tenax showed a high presence in patients with progressive states of periodontal diseases. Consequently, T. tenax detection is strongly recommended in patients with periodontal disease diagnosis and with a PSR index greater than 3.
Percepción del ambiente educacional después del cambio curricular en la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta en Chile
(2022) Nicolás Ferrer Valdivia; Constanza Garrido Urrutia
Introducción: En el año 2019, se implementó un cambio en la malla curricular de la carrera de odontología en la Universidad de Antofagasta en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la percepción del ambiente educacional en estudiantes de primer año que cursaron la nueva malla curricular de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta, en 2019. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, transversal, implementado al finalizar el primer año de implementación de la nueva malla curricular de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta en 2019. Se aplicó el cuestionario DREEM validado en español, para determinar la percepción del ambiente educacional de estos estudiantes. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó STATA 14.0 ®. Resultados: 53 estudiantes completaron el cuestionario (79,1%). El puntaje promedio del cuestionario DREEM completo fue 129,56 (DS 18,94), lo cual indica un ambiente educacional más positivo que negativo. No se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo, tanto en el cuestionario completo, como en las subescalas de este. Se encontraron preguntas con puntajes que indican áreas percibidas como problemáticas por los estudiantes, las cuales se relacionan al rol del docente (enseñanza con demasiado énfasis en los detalles y percepción de los docentes como autoritarios) y al manejo del estrés en los estudiantes (percepción de que el estrés por los estudios es mayor al disfrute de los mismos, que están muy cansados para disfrutar los estudios y desconocen o creen que no existen sistemas de apoyo en la universidad para los estudiantes que sufren estrés). Conclusión: El ambiente educacional del primer año con la nueva malla curricular de la carrera de odontología de la Universidad de Antofagasta es percibido, en su mayoría, como más positivo que negativo. Se identificaron áreas específicas para mejorar en esta transición curricular, las cuales se relacionan al rol del docente y al manejo del estrés en los estudiantes.

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